Sakdasri, Winatta
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Item type:Publication, Biodiesel Production from Spent Coffee Grounds by Using Ethanolic Extraction and Supercritical Transesterification(2024-12-01); Sawangkeaw, RuengwitThis work presents a way to use ethanol and spent coffee grounds (SCG) as feedstocks for biodiesel production to solve ethanol overproduction in Thailand and biodiesel feedstock shortage problems together. Waste coffee oil (SCGO) was ethanolic extracted from SCG; then, ethanol-SCGO mixture was transesterified in supercritical condition without ethanol removal. The ethanolic extraction curves of SCG at a temperature range of 50–70 °C were constructed. Transesterification experiments were studied in a batch reactor and a continuous reactor at various temperatures (275–350 °C) and reaction time (5–40 min) under 15.0 MPa. The molar ratio of ethanol-oil mixture was set at 30:1. The highest ester content of 88.37 ± 3.00 wt% was found in biodiesel obtained at a temperature of 275 °C and a reaction time of 40 min in a batch reactor. Furthermore, excess temperature (< 300 °C) and reaction time (< 20 min) induced thermal degradation and promoted the loss of ethyl linoleate. For continuous reactor, the maximum ester content of 83.38 ± 5.86 wt% was observed at 325 °C and 29.4 min of residence time. Unlike in batch reactors, thermal degradation of ethyl linoleate was not observed in a continuous reactor. The results showed that ethanolic extraction and supercritical transesterification are alternative ways to produce biodiesel from SCG without removing extractant and using catalyst. From a prospective point of view, techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life-cycle assessment (LCA) of invented process should be conducted to ensure profitability and environmental benefits, respectively. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) - Some of the metrics are blocked by yourconsent settings
Item type:Publication, Biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds via ethanolic extraction and supercritical ethanol transesterification: technoeconomic analysis and life cycle assessment(2026-01-01); Hunsub, PanusornPrevious studies have developed biodiesel production methods from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) via ethanolic extraction and supercritical ethanol transesterification (EE-SET) to minimize the energy consumption associated with solvent evaporation. In this study, we perform a technoeconomic analysis (TEA) and a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the profitability and sustainability of EE-SET. The material and energy balances in the TEA and LCA were derived from Aspen Plus<sup>®</sup> V12 based on experimental data from previous research. The results from the base case indicated that EE-SET was unprofitable and posed a considerable environmental burden by disposing of defatted SCG (DSCG) as solid waste due to two main issues. First, the amount of DSCG was 4.8 times greater than the total biodiesel and glycerol produced. Second, landfilling DSCG incurred waste treatment costs and induced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions simultaneously. Selling DSCG as a feedstock for solid fuel pellets offers an effective strategy for achieving profitability and sustainability. As such, EE-SET addresses the economic drawback of generating profit from selling DSCG while reducing waste treatment costs. Using DSCG as a solid fuel for environmental benefits increases ash disposal credit and substantially reduces GHG emissions. The incorporation of pelletizing units or biomass power plants into EE-SET represents a promising avenue for future research.