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    Effects of variable O2 concentrations and injection pressures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of the petro-diesel and hydrotreated vegetable oil-based fuels under the simulated diesel engine condition
    (2018-12-01)
    Vo, C.
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    ; ;
    Susumu, S.
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    Hidenori, K.
    This experimental research investigates the effects of variable O<inf>2</inf> concentrations and injection pressures on the combustion and emissions characteristics of the diesel (B7) and the hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO)-based fuels. The O<inf>2</inf> concentrations included 21%, 15% and 10% O<inf>2</inf>, while the injection pressures were 80 and 120 MPa. The experimental fuels were the diesel fuel (B7), the neat HVO, the 20%, 50% and 80% HVO (by mass fraction) blended with the diesel. The experiments were carried out in a rapid compression-expansion machine (RCEM) under the direct injection (DI) diesel combustion condition. The analysis was undertaken using the two-color method. The experimental results indicated that the ignition delay, the heat release rate, the flame temperature, the soot density-KL factor, the NO<inf>x</inf> and soot-out emissions were inversely correlated to the HVO fraction in the blend. In addition, the findings revealed the similar flame profiles in which the higher flame temperature region and the darker KL density were concentrated around the spray flame upstream, regardless of the HVO mixing ratio. Besides, the decrease in the O<inf>2</inf> concentration resulted in the lower heat release rate, integral heat release, flame temperature, KL factor and NO<inf>x</inf> emissions but the longer ignition delay and higher soot concentration, with the highest soot concentration observed under the 15% O<inf>2</inf> environment. Nevertheless, the higher pressure differential (i.e. between the injection pressure and the ambient pressure) contributed to the shorter ignition delay, higher heat release rate, early peak of the flame temperature, wider combustion area, faster soot oxidation rate and higher NO<inf>x</inf> production.
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    Material selection and assembly method of battery pack for compact electric vehicle
    (2018-02-07)
    Lewchalermwong, N.
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    Masomtob, M.
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    Lailuck, V.
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    Battery packs become the key component in electric vehicles (EVs). The main costs of which are battery cells and assembling processes. The battery cell is indeed priced from battery manufacturers while the assembling cost is dependent on battery pack designs. Battery pack designers need overall cost as cheap as possible, but it still requires high performance and more safety. Material selection and assembly method as well as component design are very important to determine the cost-effectiveness of battery modules and battery packs. Therefore, this work presents Decision Matrix, which can aid in the decision-making process of component materials and assembly methods for a battery module design and a battery pack design. The aim of this study is to take the advantage of incorporating Architecture Analysis method into decision matrix methods by capturing best practices for conducting design architecture analysis in full account of key design components critical to ensure efficient and effective development of the designs. The methodology also considers the impacts of choice-alternatives along multiple dimensions. Various alternatives for materials and assembly techniques of battery pack are evaluated, and some sample costs are presented. Due to many components in the battery pack, only seven components which are positive busbar and Z busbar are represented in this paper for using decision matrix methods.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Impact of Alcohol-Gasoline Fuel Blends in Long-Tailed Boat Application
    (2015-11-17)
    Tumaiam, Kittichart
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    Kujirapan, Kraiwut
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    Nuthong, Chaiwat
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    Phatrapornnant, Teera
    Nowadays, human realize to the environment pollution cause from old engine and use the engine misapply. These engines will cause the problem such as air pollution and cannot use the engine to work at the maximum efficiency and fuel consumption. The new of control technologies can solve problems from misuse engine by an electronic control unit work with many sensors. Optimization of electronic control unit (ECU) makes an engine to work in maximum efficiency and decrease the environment pollution. In this research, Port-fuel injection spark ignition engine (PFI Engine) fuelled with gasoline is use as the boat engine. To use car engine as boat engine, the control system has to be modify and tune up for proper condition. For the method, the parameters that used to control and optimization are the boat's running condition to tune up injection timing, injection duration, ignition timing, and also the engine special function. And this paper aim to investigate and improve performance, efficiency and emission of misapply engine. After that we plan to do research on each part of the system that makes the engine run with alternative energy such as gasohol (E10 to E85) to reduce the emission of greenhouse gas and environment pollution.
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    Injection Characteristics of Palm Methyl Ester Blended with Diesel Using Zuech’s Chamber
    (2018-06-01)
    Srichai, Prathan
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    Ewphun, Pop Paul
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    ; ;
    Tongroon, Manida
    This research attempts to characterize the injection of palm biodiesel blended with diesel in a Zuech’s chamber. Thailand conventional diesel (mandated blend of biodiesel at 5 % or B5), palm biodiesel (B100) and four other biodiesel blends ratios (B20, B40, B60 and B80) were investigated with single hole injector of 140 and 200 μm diameters, injection pressure of 40 MPa to 160 MPa, constant back pressure of 4.5 MPa and energize time of 2.5 ms. The results show that increasing biodiesel blending ratios leads to longer injection delay, larger injection pressure drop, smaller injection quantity discharge coefficient (C<inf>d</inf>) and shorter injection duration. With increasing biodiesel blending ratio, high Cavitation number from biodiesel viscosity decreases Reynolds number. Increasing injector diameter from 140 μm to 200 μm has reduced injection delay, increased fuel injection quantity, discharge coefficient and remaining injection duration. The increasing of injection pressure were improve, injection delay, injection duration, injection quantity and discharge coefficient until injection pressure 120 MPa. In addition at injection pressure over 120 MPa are decrease injection quantity and discharge coefficient, it effect form the cavitation phenomena. Increasing of viscosity, density, Bulk modulus and sound velocity were effect to increase injection delay, with reduce injection quantity, injection duration and pressure drop during injection process.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Impact of Engine Oil Additives on Nanostructure and Oxidation Kinetics of Diesel and Synthetic Biodiesel Particulate Matters using Electron Microscopy
    (2019-12-19) ; ; ;
    Chollacoop, Nuwong
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    Hanamura, Katsunori
    Physicochemical characteristics of particulate matters which are influenced by engine oil additives from engine combustion of diesel and synthetic biodiesel: Hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) were successfully investigated using electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The agglomerate structure of diesel PM, HVO PM and diesel blending lubricant PM are similar in micro-scales. However, nanostructure of soot is a spherical shape composed of curve line crystallites while the metal oxide ash nanostructure is composed of parallel straight line hatch patterns. The oxidation kinetics of fuel blending lubricant PMs are higher than neat fuel PMs due to catalytic effect of incombustible metal additives from engine lubricating oil.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Physical characterization of biodiesel particle emission by electron microscopy
    (2013-01-01) ;
    Songsaengchan, Yutthana
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    Laosuwan, Songtam
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    Nanostructures of diesel and biodiesel engine particulate matters (PMs) were investigated by using a Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The average single particle sizes of biodiesel and diesel PMs are approximately 30-40 nm and 50-60 nm, respectively. Image processing process was used to estimate each carbon platelet length by using TEM image. The average carbon platelet length of biodiesel and diesel PMs are in the range of 0.1-7.0 nm. Moreover, carbon atoms per cubic volume of PMs are approximately 500-900. The result shows that engine load and fuel property are strongly impact on the size of single particle and carbon atom density of particle. This is one of interesting behaviors need to be investigated for better understanding. The results of this research would be used as basic information for design and develop removing process of PM emitted from engine combustion which using in diesel and biodiesel fuels. © Copyright @2013 SAE Japan and Copyright @ 2013 SAE International.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Oxidation kinetics of small CI engine’s biodiesel particulate matter
    (2015-04-01) ;
    Borhanipour, M.
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    Songsaengchan, Y.
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    Laosuwan, S.
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    Particulate matters (PMs) oxidation kinetics by Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) was successfully studied. The chemical content percentage of PM can be divided by oxidation temperature zoning in three main regions which are moisture, unburned hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon. It is clearly observed that the amount of each region is strongly depending on engine operating condition, the amount of unburned HC in low load condition of the engine load are larger than that of high load condition. The calculated apparent activation energies of biodiesel PM oxidation are lower than that of diesel PM and carbon black because of unburned oxygenated molecule. The calculated apparent activation energy of biodiesel and diesel PMs oxidize with air is in the range of 147–157 kJ/mole and 153–165 kJ/mole, respectively. The results of this research would be used as basic information for design and develop removing process of particulate matter emitted from engine combustion which using in diesel and biodiesel fuels.
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    Side effect of production of biodiesel from jatropha seed oil: A case study in Thailand
    (2014-01-01)
    Rodjanakid, Kanokon
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    Srinorakutara, Teerapatr
    The objective of this research is to produce biodiesel from the jatropha seed oil and compare its lubricating properties to other types of fuel used in a compression ignition engine. The optimum mixture is also investigated. The produced biodiesel is tested to determine its identity and purity. The result showed that its purity is 98.38%, which is higher than 96.5% as specified by the standard of Department of Energy Business. The resulting biodiesel is tested in a compression ignition engine, including as an additive to stabilize the ethanol in diesel oil. The four types of fuel blends are; diesohol with a proportion of diesel: ethanol: biodiesel D95E5B5 by volume, pure biodiesel from jatropha seed oil, biodiesel with low proportion D95B5, and a standard diesel oil. The test results of physical properties of the four types of fuel show that all meets the standard of high speed diesel oil, except the flash point property of the diesohol. To compare the lubricating properties, each type of the fuel has been tested with the High Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) according the CEC-F-06-A-96 standard. The results showed that the pure biodiesel from jatropha seed oil, biodiesel D95B5 and diesohol D95E5B5 have the wear scar 169 μm, 204 μm, and 205 μm respectively. The wear scar of each type of the studied fuels is below the allowable standard wear scar 460μm.
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    Combustion characteristics of hydrotreated vegetable oil – diesel blend under EGR and supercharged conditions
    (2017-08-01)
    Ewphun, Pop Paul
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    Vo, Chau Tan
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    Srichai, Prathan
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    ;
    Sato, Susumu
    This paper investigates the effects of Hydrotreated vegetable oil-diesel blend to combustion characteristics under various ambient oxygen concentrations and ambient pressure. Combustion characteristics were investigated using heat release rate analysis, two color method, soot concentration measurement and NOx concentration measurement. The experiments were carried out on a rapid compression expansion machine to simulate the ambient condition of a CI engine at TDC. Synthetic gas with oxygen concentrations of 21 %, 15 % and 10 % were used to simulate EGR conditions. A single hole injector was used with five different fuels: commercial diesel, HVO-commercial diesel blends and HVO. The results showed that increasing HVO blending percentages decreased ignition delay, flame temperature, soot concentration and NOx concentration. Heat release at oxygen concentration of 10 % dramatically dropped due to a shortened ignition delay, which resulted in less combustion. A decreased oxygen concentration from applied EGR conditions not only increased ignition delay, heat release, flame temperature and NO<inf>x</inf> concentration, but also increased soot concentration. A combination of EGR and supercharged conditions by increasing ambient pressure and decreasing oxygen concentrations resulted in increased heat release, decreased flame temperature, ignition delay and soot concentration, compared to EGR conditions.
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    Characterization of Biodiesel Particle Emission in Trapping and Regeneration Processes on Cordierite Diesel Particulate Filter
    (2015-11-17)
    Siricholathum, Komkla
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    ; ;
    Hanamura, Katsunori
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    Chollacoop, Nuwong
    As well-known, the diesel engine has the highest thermal efficiency at the same load as compared with internal combustion engine but its disadvantage is particulate matter (PM) emitted to the atmosphere. The studies of this paper were divided into two parts. The first part studied the quantity of PM from the both diesel and biodiesel fuels at 80% load (2400 rpm) by the trapping process on diesel particulate filter (DPF) used in a partial flow dilution tunnel. The second part studied the regeneration process of PM under the flow rate of oxygen and nitrogen gas of 13.5 L/min with 10%, 15%, and 21% of oxygen gas. The result showed that amount of PM from biodiesel fuel was lower around two times than PM from diesel fuel. The duration in regeneration process of biodiesel's PM was shorter than diesel while increasing of oxygen percentage can reduce regeneration time.