Now showing 1 - 10 of 22
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    Chainsaw location finding based on travelling of sound wave in air and ground
    (2020-04-08)
    Jubjainai, Phumpichet
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    Pathomwong, Sittichai
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    Siripujaka, Poom
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    Chiengmai, Na
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    Chaiboot, Anek
    Deforestation is a major problem in the world because it affects to temperature and increasing carbon dioxide. In this research, it is therefore proposed that the sound signal inspection of chainsaw which take place from deforest activity and localize the position of deforesting by using the sound signal detection of chainsaw that travels in two mediums are in the air and soil and find the time difference which two waves in both medium travel to the observer or the detector. The correlation operation is used to determine the time difference to calculate the distance between the sound source and the observer and find the direction of the sound source by rotating the microphone to get the most magnitude of sound and take the direction and distance to specify the location of the loggers. Which the proposed system is low complexity and energy-saving and can move easily. From the system test, it was found that the accuracy was 95%.
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    Effects of hot air temperature on moisture reduction and drying time of turmeric in a closed-system herb dryer: kinetics and models
    (2023-11-01)
    Chindaruksa, Sirinuch
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    Bongkaew, Haruethai
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    Chantrawongphisal, Borisut
    The primary objective of this research was to devise a model focused on the drying kinetics of turmeric, utilizing a closed-system herb dryer to facilitate energy conservation. Drying turmeric within this closed-system herb dryer involves a heat source—specifically, an electric coil heater powered at 3500 W and a humidity controller. The drying condition includes an air volume of 0.039 kg/s, the temperature at 40, 50, and 60 °C with initial moisture of the turmeric at 667.53 %db. The result of drying turmeric was analyzed using a thin-layer drying model for 8 models: Newton, Page, Logistic, Henderson and Pabis, Logarithmic, Two-Term, Approximation of Diffusion, Midill et al. The result shows that Midill et al. equation was the best model for predicting the drying behavior of turmeric. Therefore, this insinuates that the Midill model is superior to its contemporaneous counterparts in terms of accuracy. It offered the highest coefficient of determination R <sup>2</sup> (0.9998, 0.9996, 0.9999), the most root mean square error (RMSE) (3.39×10<sup>−9</sup>, 2.37×10<sup>−5</sup>, 3.10×10<sup>−5</sup>), the last chi-square χ <sup>2</sup> (3.39×10<sup>−9</sup>, 2.85×10<sup>−5</sup>, 3.99×10<sup>−5</sup>), and a temperature of 40, 50, and 60 °C, respectively. The study revealed that implementing a closed-system herb dryer could potentially manufacture high-value commodities while preserving their fundamental attributes. The closed-system herb dryer has been ingeniously designed as a proficient approach to diminish the drying time and improve the end product’s quality.
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    A Novel Chirp Demodulation Scheme Based on SAGC for Amateur Radio Data Transmission
    (2021-01-01)
    Sae-Chia, Sukkharak
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    Magkeethum, Apiwat
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    Based on the sinusoidal automatic gain control scheme (SAGC), an equalizer implementation and a chirp demodulator have been proposed. With the 1-unit constant of SAGe output amplitude, an application as an equalizer has been implemented in order to eradicate the unwanted cut- off frequency characteristic of an amateur radio. According to loss of radio reception caused by the multipath fading phenomenon, a chirp modulation has played an important role to attenuate strong interferences in wireless communication. Thus, chirp demodulation based on modified SAGC has also been proposed in this paper. The equalizer application's result shows that the chirp signal amplitude has been stabilized to 1 unit at any carrier frequencies. Furthermore, the sawtooth wave has been recovered by using SAGC chirp demodulation before comparator and sample hold block generate the information data. By the SNR range from 1 dB to 10 dB, the BER of the proposed SAGC chirp demodulation scheme is lower than the conventional one.
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    Fully Digital Cosine Signal Driven Pulse Oximeter Without Bandpass Filter Based on Microcontroller
    (2022-04-20)
    Kainan, Pattana
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    Wiriyatanachit, Supatsara
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    Rungkrae, Manussawee
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    In this research, almost fully digital microcontroller pulse oximeter processing by two frequencies of cosine wave-driven red and infrared light sources as well as direct recovering photoplethysmography (PPG) signals from FDM signal without bandpass filter with coherent amplitude demodulation is proposed. An ESP32 microcontroller is employed to generate two cosine waves with two difference equation algorithms instead of using the function of cosine from Arduino or C library language. Two frequency digital cosine wave signals are generated and converted to analog signals with D/A to drive two light sources while two digital cosine signals as mentioned above are recognized in order to use to be as two local oscillator cosine wave signals for recovery of two PPG signals with synchronous demodulation. The RED and IR PPG signals are later used to estimate blood oxygen saturation (SpO2). The experimental result shows that it works well with accuracy and precision of 99.4448% and 0.5551, respectively.
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    Bluetooth Breathing Sound Detection Device Based on Time and Frequency Domain Analyze
    (2022-04-20)
    Chunhakam, Puripak
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    Panpho, Phakakorn
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    In this paper, a wearable and simple system for breathing sounds detection from the left and right External Auditory Canal (EAC) was proposed. This system consists of two main parts: 1) Hardware design for detecting input breathing sound signal and 2) software design for processing and displaying the output results. Two condenser microphones are used to detect breathing sound and the detected signal is transmitted to the main processor by a Bluetooth channel. Two main proposed algorithms to detect breathing sounds and evaluate the number of respirations were presented: the first algorithm employs sound signals in the time domain to detect breathing sound with power window threshold scanning and count breathing pulses. For the second one, Fast Fourier transforms (FFT) along with detecting the maximum magnitude of its low-frequency elements in the breathing frequency band is presented and it is interpreted as respiration rate. The results of both algorithms show that the system can accurately monitor breathing. The percentage of error for the 1st and 2nd algorithms was 6.77% and 5.00%, respectively. The experimental results presented that this breathing detection system can measure and provide the breathing and respiration rate as expected.
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    Development of a Phase-Locked Loop Circuit in Running Frequency Mode for Capacitance-to-Voltage Conversion
    (2025-01-01)
    On-Khong, Tada
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    Sisuk, Noppadon
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    Katman, Ratchanoo
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    Prompak, Kriangsak
    Capacitance-to-voltage conversion is essential for capacitive sensors in various industries, including touch interfaces, medical devices, and moisture measurement. However, circuit design faces challenges like non-linearity, noise, and small capacitance variations affecting voltage signals. This article proposes a phase-locked loop in free-running oscillator mode with a frequency-to-voltage converter to enhance accuracy and stability. Test results show a 97.9% measurement accuracy, demonstrating reduced noise and improved stability. The proposed circuit is ideal for high-precision applications in diverse environments, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.
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    Novel Double Slope Frequency Shift Chirp Symbol
    (2024-01-01)
    Kirasamuthranon, Lerson
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    One of the most significant concerns in serial digital communication is the synchronization of data bits between the transmitter and receiver. Therefore, the preferred coding symbols should contain an inherited clock signal. The cyclic-shift chirp, which is primarily used in long-range systems, employs a single slope in a symbol, which contains few information for synchronization. Hence, two new forms of cyclic-shift chirp symbols are proposed herein. The associated coding schemes are based on the use of a dual slope within one symbol. Synchronization is inherited in the coding symbol using a dual slope. Additionally, both proposed coding schemes utilize the same decoding technique. The decoded chirp symbol is in the form of a pulse width modulation signal, which can be used for synchronization and retrieving data bits from their duty cycle. The simulation results show that the coding and decoding processes of the proposed coding schemes align with those of a theoretical framework. The error performance analysis for the proposed detection scheme is given and the results of error probability analysis are consistent with the simulation results. Moreover, under a Rayleigh fading channel, the proposed coding schemes provide superior performance compared with other comparable coding schemes.
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    DSSZ-SM: A Simplified Chirp Coding Scheme with Inherent Clock Synchronization
    (2026-06-01)
    Kirasamuthranon, Lerson
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    Koseyaporn, Jeerasuda
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    This study proposes a novel double-slope chirp symbol, termed double-slope start zero stop minimum (DSSZ-SM), for efficient data communication. Unlike conventional chirp coding, which often involves complex generation and synchronization, the DSSZ-SM provides a simpler structure with inherent clock synchronization using a PWM-based generator. System performance is evaluated through analysis and simulations over additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and Rayleigh fading channels. Two asynchronous decoding methods, with and without an integrator, are compared. Results show that the non-integrator approach achieves lower error rates under both channel conditions. The proposed DSSZ-SM offers a simplified and robust alternative for efficient data communication.
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    Discrete Time Two-Frequency Shift Keying
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Kaew-In, Chanapat
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    Wanprasert, Thanaree
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    Philuek, Pandaree
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    Moonthongnoi, Nateekan
    In this article, two-frequency shift keying is used to modify the time for generating the Time-Frequency Shift Keying (TFSK). Which both frequencies occupy different times and vary with a message. For this mechanism, it causes M-ary time-frequency pattern coding, where one pattern can code n bits if we have different 2n patterns, which overall code like a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) combined with binary FSK. To confirm the proposed idea or technique, four-time-frequency coding is simulated with MATLAB, and an experiment is implemented with a commercial FSK IC. Both simulations and experimental results show that they are identical to predictions. Moreover, its bandwidth is predicted, and clock recovery is also implemented.
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    Pulse Oximetry Based on Quadrature Multiplexing of the Amplitude Modulated Photoplethysmographic Signals
    In this research, a pulse oximeter based on quadrature multiplexing of AM-PPG signals is proposed. The oximeter is operated by a microcontroller and employs a simple amplitude modulation technique to mitigate noise interference during SpO<inf>2</inf> measurement. The two AM-PPG signals (RED and IR) are quadrature multiplexed using carrier signals with equal frequencies but a 90-degree phase difference. The study focused on noise interference caused by light intensity and hand movement. The experiment was conducted under three different levels of light intensity: 200 Lux, 950 Lux, and 2200 Lux. For each light intensity level, the SpO<inf>2</inf> level was measured under three scenarios: hand still, shadow movement over the hand, and hand shaking. A comparison between the proposed technique and the conventional method reveals that the proposed technique offers a superior performance. The relative error of the measured SpO<inf>2</inf> level using the proposed technique was less than 3.1% overall. Based on the study, the proposed technique is less affected by noise interference caused by light intensity and hand movement compared to the conventional method. In addition, the proposed technique has an advantage over contemporary methods in terms of computational complexity. Consequently, the proposed technique can be applied to wearable devices that include SpO<inf>2</inf> measurement functionality.