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    Strain engineering and thermal conductivity of a penta-BCN monolayer: A computational study
    (2021-09-01)
    Dabsamut, Klichchupong
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    Thanasarnsurapong, Thanasee
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    T-Thienprasert, Jiraroj
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    Jungthawan, Sirichok
    Two-dimensional (2D) pentagonal nanostructures have been caught research attention down to their electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal transport properties. Among them, the newly proposed ternary penta-BCN monolayer shows a great potential for piezoelectric materials according to intrinsic piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization. Nevertheless, the effect of strain toward these properties of the penta-BCN has not been elucidated. In this study, using density-functional theory with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) functional, we have investigated the impact of a uniform biaxial strain on the electronic structure and the thermal conductivity of the semiconducting penta-BCN single sheet. The strain-free penta-BCN monolayer is mechanically and dynamically stable with an indirect band gap of 1.70 eV. The sheet is rather soft as judged from the low in-plane Young's moduli. The pentagonal structure is preserved up to the yielding point of 18.4%, beyond this point the irreversible transition into the dynamically unstable, honeycomb-like system is observed. In contrast, the penta-BCN has dynamically instability under the compressive strain as small as -4%. The PBE band gap of the penta-BCN monolayer could be tuned within a range of 1.36-1.70 eV, falling into the infrared spectrum. The calculated lattice thermal conductivity of penta-BCN is around 97 W m-1 K-1 at temperature of 300 K, and decreases with increasing temperature.
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    Electric field- and strain-induced bandgap modulation in bilayer C2N
    (2022-05-16)
    Dabsamut, Klichchupong
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    Reunchan, Pakpoom
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    T-Thienprasert, Jiraroj
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    Jungthawan, Sirichok
    Recently, the C2N monolayer with an optical bandgap of 1.96 eV has emerged as a novel two-dimensional material for modern optoelectronic devices. Herein, we report its bandgap modulation by using a simple bilayer formation that includes the application of an electric field and strain. We identify four energetically favorable bilayer configurations (AA-, AB-, AB′-, and Min-stacking) by using a hybrid functional, obtaining a calculated bandgap of 1.3-1.6 eV. When subjected to a perpendicular electric field up to 4 V/nm, the bandgap decreases by as much as 0.5 eV, which correlates with the increasing energy of the valence-band maximum, where the N-px and N-py states shift closer to the N-pz state. Without the electric field, the bandgap decreases when the interlayer distance is contracted by a compressive strain. We express the strain (or interlayer distance) and the physical applied pressure via the stabilized jellium equation of state. For the Min-stacking configuration, the bandgap decreases from 1.75 to 0.9 eV upon applying a pressure of 35 GPa. The strain-induced reduction in the bandgap is similarly monitored under an applied electric field. Our theoretical work suggests that the electric field and strain (or applied pressure) can be used to tune the electronic properties of the bilayer C2N.
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    Local structure of stoichiometric and oxygen-deficient A 2Ti6O13 (A = Li, Na, and K) studied by X-ray absorption spectroscopy and first-principles calculations
    (2018-10-21)
    Kanchanawarin, Jarin
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    Limphirat, Wanwisa
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    Promchana, Pratya
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    Oxygen vacancy defects (V<inf>O</inf>) in Ti-based oxides play important roles in catalytic processes despite limited knowledge regarding their formation and characterization. Here, we demonstrate the use of X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements to compare the relative proportion of V<inf>O</inf> defects in as-grown alkali hexatitanate A<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13</inf> (A = Li, Na, K). Both X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) regions were studied. The similarity of measured XANES spectra of Ti K-edge in all samples indicates the presence of (Ti<sup>4+</sup>)O<inf>6</inf> units in good agreement with reported X-ray diffraction results. The small influence of cations A at the tunnel was observed and can be well reproduced in the simulated spectra. In addition, we present a semi-quantitative approach to intuitively determine the content of V<inf>O</inf> defects in oxygen-deficient K<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13-x</inf> by in situ time-resolved XAS measurements under reducing conditions (10%H<inf>2</inf>/Ar, 50-650 °C). The in situ XANES measurements indicate that the oxidation state of bulk Ti remains the same as the as-grown sample, i.e., 4+, at elevated temperatures. By in situ EXAFS measurements, the relative number of V<inf>O</inf> defects is highest at a reduction temperature of ∼550 °C and slightly decreases after that. To confirm the formation of V<inf>O</inf> defects, first-principles calculations were independently carried out using a 126-atom K<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13</inf> supercell with V<inf>O</inf> at various positions. Based on calculated EXAFS, the removal of the oxygen atom nearest to the tunnel, which is the lowest energy structure, provides a good match to the experimental spectra.
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    Towards a new packing pattern of Li adsorption in two-dimensional pentagonal BCN
    (2022-04-29)
    Ananchuensook, Aroon
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    Dabsamut, Klichchupong
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    Thanasarnsurapong, Thanasee
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    T-Thienprasert, Jiraroj
    Two-dimensional (2D) materials with a penta-atomic-configuration, such as penta-graphene and penta-B<inf>2</inf>C, have received great attention as anodes in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Recently, penta-BCN has been demonstrated to exhibit the highest theoretical capacity to date of 2183 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>, corresponding to the composition Li<inf>3</inf>BCN. Herein, we study the layer-by-layer Li adsorption on penta-BCN by explicitly and comprehensively considering its structure. We discover a new, more energetically favorable Li adsorption site that is distinct from the latest report by Chen et al. (Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2021, 23, 17693). The possible migration pathway and the accompanying activation energy are also investigated. Full lithium adsorption leads to the formula Li<inf>2</inf>BCN and the reduced theoretical capacity of 1455 mA h g<sup>−1</sup>. Still, penta-BCN exhibits metallic conductivity during Li adsorption, and has a low open-circuit voltage, and a low ion-diffusion barrier, all being beneficial for anode materials. These observations imply that penta-BCN remains one of the most effective anode materials for LIBs with a quick charge/discharge rate.
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    Direct conversion of carboxylic acid to olefins over Pt-loaded, oxygen-deficient alkali hexatitanate catalysts with ketonization-hydrogenation-dehydration activity
    (2021-09-01)
    Promchana, Pratya
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    Boonchun, Adisak
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    T-Thienprasert, Jiraroj
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    The production of long chain olefins from fatty acids via decarbonylation is limited by low olefins selectivity at high conversion. Here, we reported the direct acid-to-olefins conversion via the ketonization-hydrogenation-dehydration sequence at 400 °C and atmospheric 10 %H<inf>2</inf>/Ar. The oxygen vacancy defects (V<inf>O</inf>) were essential in acetic acid ketonization over the oxygen-deficient alkali hexatitanate A<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13-</inf><inf>x</inf> (A[dbnd]K, Na and Li) catalysts, as evidenced from the activity of reduced vs non-reduced catalysts. The presence of V<inf>O</inf> was deduced spectroscopically with XPS and DRUV-VIS, and the ease of V<inf>O</inf> formation was ranked via the DFT calculations. The ketonization activity was proportionated to the square of the V<inf>O</inf> content (x<sup>2</sup>), consistent with the bimolecular reaction mechanism. The Pt-loaded K<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13-</inf><inf>x</inf> enabled the direct acid-to-olefins transformation as shown by a complete conversion of two model compounds (heptanoic acid and lauric acid) with ∼30–40 % yield of long chain olefins. Heptanoic acid (C<inf>7</inf>) underwent ketonization to 7-tridecanone (a C<inf>13</inf> ketone) prior to the hydrogenation-dehydration to 7-tridecene, a C<inf>13</inf> olefin. The strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) between Pt and K<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13-</inf><inf>x</inf> inhibited further hydrogenation of the olefin to a low-value alkane. For lauric acid (C<inf>12</inf>), 12-tricosene (a C<inf>23</inf> olefin) was produced analogously. The catalytic activity and products selectivity over Pt-loaded K<inf>2</inf>Ti<inf>6</inf>O<inf>13-</inf><inf>x</inf> significantly depended on the Pt content (0–1.0 wt%). The simultaneous C[sbnd]C coupling and oxygen removal prior to the subsequent hydrogenation and dehydration is a potential approach toward the production of long chain olefins with the (2n-1) carbon atoms from C<inf>n</inf>-fatty acids.
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    Piezoelectric and electronic properties of hydrogenated penta-BCN: A computational study
    (2021-03-07)
    Thanasarnsurapong, Thanasee
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    Dabsamut, Klichchupong
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    T-Thienprasert, Jiraroj
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    Jungthawan, Sirichok
    The pentagonal boron carbon nitride (penta-BCN) monolayer has been recently proposed as a new member of the pentagon-based two-dimensional nanosheets [Zhao et al., J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 11(9), 3501 (2020)]. By using density functional theory with the generalized gradient approximation, we have carried out detailed investigations of a hydrogenated penta-BCN sheet, where the pristine penta sheet is decorated with H atoms to the composition BCNH2. The hydrogenated penta-BCN (H-BCN) structure is mechanically, thermally, and dynamically stable. It has a wide and indirect bandgap of 4.46 eV, contrasting with the direct gap of 1.70 eV in pristine BCN. H-BCN is environmentally stable at 1 bar of H2 down to 10-10 bar; beyond this point, pristine BCN becomes more stable. Compared with penta-BCN, the components of the elastic modulus tensor C 11 and C 12 of hydrogenated penta-BCN are reduced, while C 12 and C 66 are increased. The strain tensors of piezoelectricity in H-BCN are d 21 = 0.462, d 22 = 0.213, and d 16 = 1.03 pm / V, which are lower than those of pristine penta-BCN. The hydrogenated BCN structure displays a higher spontaneous polarization Ps than penta-BCN (4.64 × 10-10 vs 3.38 × 10-10 C/m, respectively). The smaller in-plane Young's moduli E a and E b for H-BCN indicated that that they are softer than those for penta-BCN. Strain engineering can help tune electronic properties. In agreement with this claim, we found that the indirect gap of H-BCN was tunable from 4.46 to 3.26 eV under an applied tensile strain of 0%-16%, the range where the structure is dynamically stable throughout. Meanwhile, H-BCN is dynamically unstable under an applied compressive strain.