Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Convection in deep vertically shaken particle beds. II. The relationship between convection and internal wave propagation
    (2008-01-01) ;
    Campbell, C. S.
    The convective motion in deep vertically shaken beds is not continuous but occurs only during a brief portion of a cycle that roughly repeats over three periods of vibration. The convection is coordinated by a series of waves that propagate through the bed, a compression wave formed as the flask's bottom pushes upward against the bottom of the bed, and two expansion waves: A Type 1 expansion wave that is the reflection of the compression wave and a Type 2 expansion wave that forms as the flask's bottom moves away from the bottom of the bed. Convection only is observed after Type 1 expansion wave has passed the convective zone, relaxing the stresses in the bed and leaving the particles free to move. However the convective motion is confined to the region above Type 2 wave and convection disappears as a Type 2 wave passes. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Convection in deep vertically shaken particle beds. III. Convection mechanisms
    (2008-01-01) ;
    Campbell, Charles S.
    Convection in a deep vertically vibrated two-dimensional cell of granular material occurs in the form of counter-rotating cells that move material from the walls to the center of the channel and back again. At least for deep beds, where for much of the cycle, particles are in long duration contact with their neighbors, convection only appears for a short potion of every third vibrational period. That period is delimited by the interaction of three types of internal waves, a compression wave, and two types of expansion waves. Four mechanisms are identified that drive the four basic motions of convection: (1) particles move upward at the center as the result of compression wave, (2) downward at the wall as a combined effect of frictional holdback by the walls and the downward pull of gravity, (3) from the center to the walls along the free surface due to the heaping of the bed generated by the compression wave, and (4) toward the center in the interior of the box to form the bottom of convection rolls due to the relaxation of compressive stresses caused by an expansion wave. Convection only occurs when the conditions are right for all four mechanisms to be active simultaneously. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.
  • Some of the metrics are blocked by your 
    Item type:Publication,
    Convection in deep vertically shaken particle beds. I. General features
    (2008-01-01) ;
    Campbell, S.
    It has long been known that shaking a granular bed can produce circulating convection. This is the first in a series of papers that explores convection in beds a hundred particles or more deep. In such deep beds, the pressures are high enough that the particles remain in contact with their neighbors throughout much of the vibrational period. As such, they interact elastically and convection becomes dependent on the elastic properties of the bed. Changing the particle stiffness can dramatically alter the convection, and for very soft or very hard particles, eliminate it completely. In this paper, the effect of stiffness, bed geometry, and frictional properties on the global convection properties are assessed. © 2008 American Institute of Physics.