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    UWB MIMO antenna design and analysis at millimetre wave frequencies
    (2025-01-01)
    Mohamad Nazer, Mohamad Aiman Hadi
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Murad, Noor Asniza
    ;
    Samsuri, Noor Asmawati
    ;
    Pramudita, Aloysius Adya
    The Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna is widely used in radar systems due to its wide bandwidth and high diversity gain. However, UWB systems also experience challenges related to multipath fading. To address these issues, multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology has been introduced. To improve the performance of MIMO systems, it is essential for the elements within the MIMO antenna array to exhibit low correlation and high total efficiency. In this paper a design and simulation of a printed UWB antenna with additional MIMO implementation. The simulation results from three different MIMO configurations were systematically compared to assess their performance based on three parameters of MIMO: the Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC), Diversity Gain (DG), and Mean Effective Gain (MEG). In this proposal of the project, the evaluation of results is primarily cantered around the design of UWB antenna and analysis of the MIMO configurations.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Broadband Reflective Metasurface at X-band Frequency Using Snowflakes Fractal Ring Design
    (2025-01-01)
    Yaziz, Nur Syahirah Mohd
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Samsuri, Noor Asmawati
    ;
    Zubir, Farid
    ;
    A broadband reflective metasurface has been designed to integrate inward and outward fractal Koch rings operating at X-band frequencies. The integration between the inward and outward fractal Koch ring creates the snowflake fractal shape that operates at a center frequency of 10 GHz. Based on the simulated results, the reflection values are 0.9 with the reflection phase of 1800 which is between 900 to -900. Overall, all resonance frequencies exhibit more than 90% reflected power, with bandwidth of 1.90 GHz that cover from 8.70 GHz to 10.60 GHz.
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    Comparison between Snowflake Fractal and Koch Fractal for Intelligent Reflecting Surface
    (2025-01-01)
    Yaziz, Nur Syahirah Mohd
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Samsuri, Noor Asmawati
    ;
    Zubir, Farid
    ;
    This paper compares two fractal metasurface designs for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces at X-band which is with a snowflake-shaped fractal ring and a fractal Koch metasurface. The snowflake ring design with a 10GHz center frequency achieves very high reflectance (~90%) at resonance and a bandwidth of about 1.90 GHz. The Koch-fractal design response with a bandwidth of 2.10 GHz at a center frequency of 10GHz. The method for both fractal metasurfaces and a comparable on their reflection coefficients, phase behaviour, bandwidth and current distributions are discussed in section II and section III.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Characterization of the koch fractal embedded hexagonal loop frequency selective surface structure for X-band application
    (2020-11-01)
    Mohamed Nafis, Nur Biha
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Ayop, Osman
    ;
    Majid, Huda A.
    ;
    This paper presented the bandstop Koch fractal embedded hexagonal loop frequency selective surface (FSS) for the X-band application. The simulated transmission coefficient response () had been obtained by using CST software. The surface current distribution and the electric field density are illustrated to explain in detail the of the fractal based FSS structure. The proposed structure is highly insensitive towards angular stability and also polarization independent up to . The parametric analysis on the effect of the periodicity, width, and height of the fractal FSS structure on the has been illustrated and discussed thoroughly.