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    Comparison between Snowflake Fractal and Koch Fractal for Intelligent Reflecting Surface
    (2025-01-01)
    Yaziz, Nur Syahirah Mohd
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Samsuri, Noor Asmawati
    ;
    Zubir, Farid
    ;
    This paper compares two fractal metasurface designs for Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces at X-band which is with a snowflake-shaped fractal ring and a fractal Koch metasurface. The snowflake ring design with a 10GHz center frequency achieves very high reflectance (~90%) at resonance and a bandwidth of about 1.90 GHz. The Koch-fractal design response with a bandwidth of 2.10 GHz at a center frequency of 10GHz. The method for both fractal metasurfaces and a comparable on their reflection coefficients, phase behaviour, bandwidth and current distributions are discussed in section II and section III.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Characterization of the koch fractal embedded hexagonal loop frequency selective surface structure for X-band application
    (2020-11-01)
    Mohamed Nafis, Nur Biha
    ;
    Rahim, Mohamad Kamal A.
    ;
    Ayop, Osman
    ;
    Majid, Huda A.
    ;
    This paper presented the bandstop Koch fractal embedded hexagonal loop frequency selective surface (FSS) for the X-band application. The simulated transmission coefficient response () had been obtained by using CST software. The surface current distribution and the electric field density are illustrated to explain in detail the of the fractal based FSS structure. The proposed structure is highly insensitive towards angular stability and also polarization independent up to . The parametric analysis on the effect of the periodicity, width, and height of the fractal FSS structure on the has been illustrated and discussed thoroughly.