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    Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on physiology and yield of peanut under drought conditions
    (2024-01-01) ; ;
    Buram, Kiattisak
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    Kaewnoo, Tipawan
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    Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
    Drought is the one primary issue limiting peanut growth and productivity. The study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobium (Rhi), and their combinations on phenolic content, proline content, growth, and yield of peanut under different soil water regimes. The pot experiments were carried out for two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions and designed based on a 2×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A comprised two soil water regimes: field capacity (FC) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW), whereas factor B included three different types of microorganisms: (i) uninoculated control, (ii) arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF), and (iii) a combination of AMF and rhizobium (Rhi) inoculations. Data were collected for growth, proline content, phenolic content, yield, and yield components. Drought stress significantly reduced in relative water content, leaf area, biomass, yield, and yield components of peanut, whereas leaf phenolic content was increased under drought stress. Higher pod dry weight was achieved under FC conditions (28.87 g plant<sup>-1</sup>), and it was reduced to 16.06 g plant<sup>-1</sup> under 1/3 FC. Interestingly, AMF+Rhi synergistically increased the leaf area compared with non-incubated peanut under 1/3 FC conditions. AMF-inoculated peanut tended to increase biomass, while the combination of AMF+Rhi tended to have higher yield components compared with uninoculated control, especially for the weight of 100 seeds.
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    Effects of Parboiling on Chemical Properties, Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity in Colored Landrace Rice
    (2024-02-01)
    Pinta, Wanwipa
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    Kunyanee, Kannika
    Parboiling influences chemical compositions in rice grains. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the change in chemical content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of landrace rice genotypes under parboiling conditions and to identify the genotypes suitable for production of parboiled rice. Landrace rice varieties used in this study consisted of Glam Feang, Glam Tonkeaw, Kawgum, Glam Luem Phua, Medmakham, Deang Sakonnakhon, Sang Yod, Kawniewd-eang, Mali Deang, KDML105 and RD6. Parboiling reduced fiber content, total phenolic content and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activity in rice grains. Fiber contents were 1.46% in brown rice (unpolished rice) and 1.40% in parboiled rice (24 h of soaking and 48 h of incubation). Total phenolic contents were 205.67 mg/100 g seed in brown rice and 35.34 mg/100 g seed in parboiled rice. Antioxidant capacity (DPPH) reduced from 68.45% in brown rice to 26.23% in parboiled rice. Ash content and protein content were not significantly affected by the parboiling process. Medmakham cv. had the highest total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity in brown rice and parboiled rice. Gum Leamphea cv. and Medmakham cv. were the best genotypes for ash content, protein content, total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity (DPPH) in brown rice and parboiled rice. Glam Feang cv. had the highest protein contents in brown rice and parboiled rice although it had low total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. Cluster analysis further showed variation among genotypes, revealing distinct groupings in brown rice and parboiled rice based on chemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. This research significantly contributes to a better understanding on how parboiling affects rice compositions and nutritional values. It emphasizes the importance of nuanced comprehension of how different rice varieties respond to parboiling, aiding informed decisions in rice processing and selection to meet specific nutritional needs.
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    Effect of organic fertilizer rates on grain yield and seed qualities of rice
    (2024-05-01) ;
    Maniin, P.
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    Nilkong, P.
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    The effect of organic fertilizer quantity on the yield and seed qualities of Pathumthani 1 rice revealed that the highest grain yield, 3,893 kg/ha, was attained with the application of 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer, whereas rice without fertilizer exhibited the lowest yield. However, the application of 1.6 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer resulted in the highest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage, with values of 98.00%, 32.43, and 99.71%, respectively. Conversely, applying 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer yielded the lowest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage at 87.50%, 28.74, and 98.11%, respectively. Moreover, the 1.6 kg N/ha rate demonstrated the least inert matter and the lowest number of dead seeds. Consequently, the findings suggested that organic fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 2.24 kg N/ha to achieve high grain yields, while it is still maintained seed germination percentage of over 80%.
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    Harvesting time influences seed germination and vigour of some coloured rice varieties in Thailand
    (2023-03-01)
    Rodnuch, N.
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    The harvesting time were significantly different for all traits of seedling rice including germination percentage, mean germination time (MGT), fresh weights of shoots and roots, dried of shoots and roots. Rice harvested at 20 days after anthesis had the highest germination percentage, and plant stands in term of fresh and dried weights of roots and shoots in all varieties, and they also had the lowest mean germination time. Rice Berry and Tubtim Chumphae had higher germination percentage after storage for six months than Sang Yod variety. When harvested at 20 days after anthesis, the germination percentages of Rice Berry, Tubtim Chumphae and Song Yod were 98.00, 99.00 and 67.50, respectively.