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    Sensor Fusion of Light Detection and Ranging and iBeacon to Enhance Accuracy of Autonomous Mobile Robot in Hard Disk Drive Clean Room Production Line
    In this paper, the adaptive Monte Carlo localization (AMCL) error in terms of similar data detected by light detection and ranging (LiDAR) in different locations is investigated. This localization causes a robot to move to the incorrect location temporarily. We propose the fusion of landmark-based localization using an iBeacon device combined with the AMCL algorithm. This technique can solve the probabilistic localization problem of the conventional techniques applied in mobile robots by fusing the timed elastic band (TEB) and scan-matching algorithms, which reduces the error from 7 cm to less than 3 cm. The proposed technique is implemented on a clean-room-type mobile robot with 100 kg payload certificated by the SOP39 standard.
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    Decentralised and Centralised Fixed Structure H∞ Robust Loop Shaping for the MIMO Microsurgical Manipulation Based on PSOGSA
    (2026-01-01) ; ;
    Aoyama, Hisayuki
    This paper presents decentralised and centralised fixed-structure H∞ robust control methods optimised by the Particle Swarm Optimisation and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSOGSA) for a coupled multi-input multi-output (MIMO) microsurgical manipulator. The design framework explicitly considers uncertainties and disturbance constraints. Conventional H∞ loop-shaping controllers are typically of high order, complex, and difficult to implement in practice. To address this limitation, Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID)-structured decentralised and centralised H∞ controllers are proposed, providing compact structures while retaining robustness. The novelty of this work lies in embedding H∞ robustness criteria into practical PID-based frameworks, bridging the gap between theoretical robust design and experimental implementation in microsurgical applications. The proposed controllers are evaluated against a reduced-order H∞ controller derived from Hankel norm approximation and a Ziegler–Nichols tuned PID controller, using both simulation and experimental studies. Results demonstrate that the proposed controllers achieve improved stability margins (0.449–0.521 compared with 0.436 for the reduced-order design), maintain low root-mean-square errors (≈0.067–0.089) and remain robust under voltage disturbances where conventional PID control fails. These findings confirm the contribution of a practical and efficient robust control strategy for enhancing the precision and reliability of microsurgical manipulators.
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    Energy Prediction of Cleanroom-type Differential Drive Mobile Robot Based on Recurrent Neural Network
    (2023-01-01)
    Yanyong, Sarucha
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    The battery charger time is a major issue for mobile robots. The study of the power usage of each component is important for optimizing the overall power consumption. Additionally, knowing the total energy consumption before commanding a robot to execute a task is essential for effective queue management and determining which robots are ready to execute tasks or move to the charging station. In this paper, we propose an energy modeling system consisting of an energy sensing technique, logging, and a recurrent neural network prediction model. The model is configured to recognize the dynamic system of the drive unit with the support of the robot operating system. The proposed model has a prediction error of only 3.58%. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system.
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    Remote sensing to minimize energy consumption of six-axis robot arm using particle swarm optimization and artificial neural network to control changes in real time
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Chanarungruengkij, Veerasak
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    We propose a new method for the analysis and design of a robotic system that minimizes the energy consumption of a six-axis robot arm by controlling the velocity and acceleration of each arm of the robot to achieve the specified trajectory of the robot determined from a lean manufacturing method. A dynamic model of the PUMA 560 robot has been simulated on MATLAB, while the Robotics Toolbox and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are utilized to search for optimal paths and the optimal velocity and acceleration of the robot arms. The optimal velocity and acceleration are described as those giving minimum overall energy consumption constrained by a specified cycle time of the entire robotic system. Typically, the picking and placing of materials are carried out by humans, causing a variation in production rate, whereas our system using a robot arm ensures a stable production rate. Moreover, the optimal results obtained from PSO are adopted to train an artificial neural network (ANN) to extend the design system from discrete optimal values to a continuous and near-optimal value. In other words, the ANN is used to obtain an approximate optimal value between those obtained from PSO to make the system applicable to a real-world system. As shown by the simulation results, this method reduces the energy consumption of 12.3% from the initial energy and reduces the time for optimization by 99.8% compared with that for the PSO technique.
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    Robot arm structure design using polyamide evaluated by finite element analysis
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Buthgate, Siwawong
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    Aoyama, Hisayuki
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    Robots have increasingly replaced humans for many jobs, including 24 h work, routine tasks, and dangerous jobs. However, the robot operating system has high power consumption in many processes. This has led to energy efficiency being the main focus. We have opted to build a robot with high strength, light weight, and low power consumption by reducing the weight of its components. Presently, we know that the structure of most robots in the world is made of metals, plastics, and composite materials. In this research, we designed the mechanical structure of robot arms with three different materials (cast iron, polyamide, and aluminum) using the finite element method to analyze and evaluate the possibilities of these materials. The dynamic load, power consumption, and mechanical characteristics were compared. It was found that polyamide could help lighten the weight by 40% and increase energy efficiency along with cost effectiveness by 41%. Although polyamide is particularly easy to find, cast iron is stronger than polyamide.
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