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    A low-cost method for determination of calcium carbonate in cement by membraneless vaporization with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection
    (2010-05-15)
    Sereenonchai, Kamonthip
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    Chan-Eam, Sumonmarn
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    Saetear, Phoonthawee
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    This work presents a flow analysis method for direct quantitation of calcium carbonate in cement without pretreatment of the sample. The method is based on online vaporization of CO<inf>2</inf> gas following acidification of the sample inside a small chamber that has a flow of acceptor solution passing around it. Solubilization of the CO<inf>2</inf> gas into the acceptor stream changes the conductivity of the acceptor solution causing an increase of signal at the capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C<sup>4</sup>D) placed at the outlet of the vaporization chamber. This chamber is an adaption from previous work reported on 'membraneless vaporization' (MBL-VP). The method can be used in the quality control of production of mixed cement. These cement materials usually have calcium carbonate contents at high concentration range (e.g., 33-99% (w/w) CaCO<inf>3</inf>). Analysis of samples by this method is direct and convenient as it requires no sample pretreatment. The method is low-cost with satisfactory accuracy and acceptable precision. © 2010 Elsevier B.V.
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    Colorimetric sensor using silver nanoparticles for determination of hydrogen peroxide based on a flow injection system
    (2013-09-01) ;
    Sonsa-Ard, Thitaporn
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    Vimolkanjana, Chavin
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    Chompoosor, Apiwat
    In this work, a colorimetric probe using a flow injection (FI) system and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed for determination of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration. AgNPs have catalytic ability for decomposition of H2O2, producing silver ions and superoxide. The reaction mechanism of H2O2 and AgNPs at various concentrations is described. H2O2 concentration was quantified by monitoring decrease in AgNPs surface plasmon resonance during the decomposition reaction. Under the optimum condition, the detection limit for H2O2 was 0.6 mg/l. The flow system developed in this study provided good precision of analysis (relative standard deviation = 2.97%) with high throughput (18 samples/h). This method was successfully applied to analysis of H2O2 in pharmaceutical and household products. Therefore, the method is feasible for on-line monitoring H2O2 in manufacturing process quality control. © Copyright 2013 American Scientific Publishers All rights reserved.
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    Direct determination of ethanol in alcoholic beverages based on its anti-aggregation of melamine-silver nanoparticle assembly
    (2022-12-01)
    Duangdeewong, Chomphunud
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    Wattanasin, Panwadee
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    We report a new method for determination of ethanol based on anti-aggregation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the presence of melamine. In the system, ethanol and melamine act as protecting and aggregating agents, respectively. Melamine can induce citrate-stabilized AgNPs to aggregate, leading to a color change from yellow to green. However, if the AgNPs are pre-incubated in ethanol, ethanol readily surrounds the particles by forming hydrogen bonds with the citrate stabilizer. An external nanoshell of ethanol hinders particle aggregation caused by melamine. Minor aggregation of AgNPs was observed, the solution color maintained its yellow-orange color. Higher ethanol concentrations result in a lower degree of particle aggregation. The colorimetric response of AgNPs was monitored using a UV–vis spectrophotometer at 390 nm. The current method could determine ethanol concentrations over a wide dynamic range of 5–80% (v/v), with a detection limit of 3.1% (v/v) (3SD of blank/slope). This method was applied for direct quantification of ethanol in alcoholic drinks without sample pretreatment and the results are well correlated with those of gas chromatography. Our method is convenient and cost effective, making it auspicious for ethanol monitoring in alcoholic drink manufacture and control.
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    Sequential injection for determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid based on its effect on second order light scattering of silver nanoparticles
    (2016-08-01)
    Jinnarak, Amornrassamee
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    Anantavichian, Pattarapon
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    Intanin, Apichai
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    Fungladda, Suchada
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    An automated sequential injection (SI) with second order light scattering (SOS) detection for determination of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was developed. Quantitation is based on electrostatic interaction between GABA and citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In acetate buffer at pH 3.8, the positively charged GABA induces the nanoparticles to aggregate. This results in a change of light scattering monitored using a spectrofluorometer. In this work, working standard solutions of GABA were prepared in-line by the SI system pumping appropriate volumes of a stock solution of GABA and acetate buffer into a holding coil. Solution of AgNPs was subsequently drawn into the coil. The reaction zone was then transferred to the spectrofluorometer, set with excitation and detection wavelengths at 300 and 600 nm, respectively. Under optimised condition, the SOS intensity was proportional to the concentration of GABA. As a result, a linear curve was obtained in the range of 100–400 mg L<sup>−1</sup> GABA, with a lower limit of detection of 39.6 mg L<sup>‐1</sup>. Good precision of analysis was achieved, with 0.6 and 3.3% relative standard deviation (RSD) for external calibration (n = 5) and standard addition (n = 3), respectively. The developed method was successfully applied for quantification of GABA in dietary supplements (2 samples) and samples of instant green tea (2 samples).
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    A simple and rapid method based on anti-aggregation of silver nanoparticles for detection of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) in tap water
    (2016-01-01)
    Trisaranakul, Wichaya
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    Chompoosor, Apiwat
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    Maneeprakorn, Weerakanya
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    Nacapricha, Duangjai
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    A simple and rapid method was developed for the detection of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) using citrate-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Detection was based on anti-aggregation of AgNPs in phosphate buffer caused by PDADMAC. Due to its positive charges, PDADMAC was adsorbed onto AgNPs via electrostatic interaction with citrate, which resulted in the charges at the particle surfaces to become positive and caused repulsion among particles. Furthermore, long-chain PDADMAC provided steric hindrance. These two effects promoted the dispersion of AgNPs in the phosphate buffer. A change in the state of dispersion influenced the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of AgNPs. Therefore, in this work, the concentration of PDADMAC was determined by monitoring changes in absorbance (at 396 nm) caused by SPR of AgNPs. Under optimal conditions, the calibration was linear over the range of 1 to 100 mg L<sup>-1</sup> with a detection limit of 0.7 mg L<sup>-1</sup>. Satisfactory precision was obtained (RSD = 2.8%). This method was successfully applied to the determination of PDADMAC in tap water samples. The recoveries ranged from 86.0 - 107.5%.