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    Simple flow system with in-line gas-diffusion unit for determination of ethanol employing hypsochromic shift of visible absorbance band of methyl orange
    (2020-01-01)
    Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor
    ;
    Sinpun, Montatip
    ;
    Chankaw, Panuwat
    ;
    ;
    Nacapricha, Duangjai
    The effect of solvent composition on the uv–visible spectrum of methyl orange was investigated for application to the quantitative determination of ethanol. At fixed pH, there was a hypsochromic shift of the absorbance band of methyl orange with increasing ethanol concentration. Using acetate buffer at pH 3.40 the change of absorbance at 530 nm of a solution of methyl orange containing known concentrations of standard ethanol was measured to provide a calibration curve. In order to apply this method to the analysis of alcoholic samples, such as distilled spirits, blended spirits and liquid herbal medicines, a simple gas-diffusion unit coupled with flow system was employed to separate the ethanol from sample matrices. Using the gas diffusion-flow system and employing an evaporation time of 2 min, a linear calibration range of 5–45% (v/v) ethanol was achieved ((ΔA = (0.0078 ± 0.0002)x(ethanol, %(v/v)) + (0.040 ± 0.005)), r<sup>2</sup> = 0.998). The limit of detection (3σ blank/slope) was 2.23% (v/v). The developed gas diffusion-flow system was applied to the analysis of colorless distilled spirits, yellow blended spirits and dark brown herbal medicines that are available in the local markets of Bangkok, Thailand. Validation of the method was carried out by comparing the results with analysis using gas chromatography. There was no statistically significant difference at the 95% confidence level for all alcoholic samples analyzed.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Transparent Cross-Flow Platform as Chemiluminescence Detection Cell in Cross Injection Analysis
    (2023-02-01)
    Somboonsuk, Thachkorn
    ;
    Saetear, Phoonthawee
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    Mantim, Thitirat
    ;
    Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor
    ;
    Wilairat, Prapin
    This work presents the use of a transparent ‘Cross Injection Analysis’ (CIA) platform as a flow system for chemiluminescence (CL) measurements. The CL-CIA flow device incorporates introduction channels for samples and reagents, and the reaction and detection channels are in one acrylic unit. A photomultiplier tube placed above the reaction channel detects the emitted luminescence. The system was applied to the analysis of (i) Co(II) via the Co(II)-catalyzed H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-luminol reaction and (ii) paracetamol via its inhibitory effect on the catalytic activity of Fe(CN)<inf>6</inf><sup>3−</sup> on the H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-luminol reaction. A linear calibration was obtained for Co(II) in the range of 0.002 to 0.025 mg L<sup>−1</sup> Co(II) (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9977) for the determination of Co(II) in water samples. The linear calibration obtained for the paracetamol was 10 to 200 mg L<sup>−1</sup> (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.9906) for the determination of pharmaceutical products. The sample throughput was 60 samples h<sup>−1</sup>. The precision was ≤4.2% RSD. The consumption of the samples and reagents was ca. 170 µL per analysis cycle.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Development of a Tannic Acid-Gelatin Modified Filter Paper Membrane for Trace Lead Detection in Water
    (2026-06-16)
    Rattanadechawan, Arinrada
    ;
    ;
    Mantim, Thitirat
    ;
    Donpudsa, Suchao
    ;
    Karuwan, Chanpen
    A novel membrane-based solid-phase extraction (SPE) device was developed using cellulose filter paper modified with a tannic acid–gelatin (TA/GE) composite for the preconcentration of lead (Pb(II)) ions from aqueous samples. The TA/GE sorbent layer was fabricated via cross-linking gelatin with tannic acid at pH 9, forming a stable, partially insoluble network that enhances the membrane’s mechanical strength and ion-binding capability. Characterization by SEM confirmed the successful modification, while micro-XRF analysis demonstrated the membrane’s effective adsorption and elution of Pb(II). After preconcentration, square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) was used for quantitative determination. The method exhibited linear range of 10–100 μg·L<sup>–1</sup>, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.7 μg·L<sup>–1</sup>. Method validation using a certified reference material for trace metals in water produced a combined measurement uncertainty (U) of 9 μg·L<sup>–1</sup> at the 95% confidence level for a sample containing 61 μg·L<sup>–1</sup> Pb(II), showing no significant deviation from the certified value. The developed method was further applied to drinking water and river water samples, achieving recoveries of 82–110% for spiked samples. These results confirm that the TA/GE-modified membrane provides a simple, low-cost, and environmentally friendly platform for trace Pb(II) analysis, with performance meeting both WHO (10 μg·L<sup>–1</sup>) and Thailand Pollution Control Department (50 μg·L<sup>–1</sup>) regulatory standards for drinking and surface water.
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    Microfluidic paper-based analytical device for determination of sucrose in sugarcane juice using Benedict’s reagent
    (2022-11-01)
    Ratanawimarnwong, Nuanlaor
    ;
    Suksomphot, Vanlada
    ;
    Sornpipatpong, Khemika
    ;
    Lengwan, Supamit
    ;
    Donpudsa, Suchao
    This work presents a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (μPAD) for the determination of sucrose using the Benedict’s test. An asymmetric dumbbell-shaped hydrophobic barrier was produced by rubber stamping the barrier pattern onto a laboratory filter paper. Hydrochloric acid and solution containing sucrose were successively deposited onto the sample reservoir of the μPAD attached to a glass slide. The device was placed in a plastic bag and dipped into boiling water for accelerating the hydrolysis of sucrose into the reducing sugars. Then the Benedict’s reagent was added at the narrow straight channel connecting the two circular zones of the μPAD, which was replaced in the plastic bag and heated again for reduction of Cu(II) by the reducing sugars. Precipitate of brick-red copper(I) oxide was formed. The image of the μPAD was recorded by a smartphone. The ratio of the red to blue intensities gave linear correlation with the concentration of sucrose in the range of 0.5–10% w/v. The relative standard deviation of the measurement was less than 5% for 2 and 4% w/v sucrose (n = 10), with limit of determination, calculated using standard deviation of regression divided by slope of calibration, of 0.26% w/v sucrose. The method was successfully validated using the dinitrosalicylic acid method for sucrose measurement. Percent recoveries of sucrose were evaluated using ten sugarcane samples. The recoveries were in the range of 89 to 101%, demonstrating that there were no significant sample matrix effects on the quantification.