Chuayboon, Srirat

Preferred name

Chuayboon, Srirat

Alternative Name

Chuayboon, S.

Main Affiliation

KMITL Prince of Chumphon Campus

srirat.ch@kmitl.ac.th

Now showing 1 - 10 of 28

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Solar-driven chemical looping methane reforming using zno oxygen carrier for syngas and zn production in a cavity-type solar reactor
(2020-11-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
Converting sunlight into chemical fuels and metal commodities, via solar thermochemical conversion processes, is an attractive prospect for the long-term storage of renewable energy. In this study, the combined methane reforming and ZnO reduction in a single reaction for co-production of hydrogen-rich syngas and metallic Zn was demonstrated in a flexible solar thermochemical reactor prototype, driven by highly concentrated sunlight. Using solar energy as the process heat source in chemical-looping methane reforming with the ZnO/Zn oxygen carrier is a means to reduce the dependence on conventional energy resources and to reduce emissions of CO<inf>2</inf> and other pollutants, while upgrading the calorific value of the feedstock for the production of energy-intensive and high-value chemical fuels and materials. On-sun experiments were carried out with different operating parameters including operating temperatures (800–1000◦C), inlet methane flow-rates (0.1–0.4 NL/min), and inlet ZnO feeding-rates (0.5–1.0 g/min) both in batch and continuous modes under reduced (0.15 and 0.45 bar) and atmospheric pressures (0.90 bar), thereby demonstrating solar reactor flexibility and reliability. As a result, increasing the temperature promoted net ZnO conversion at the expense of favored methane cracking reaction, which can be lowered by decreasing pressure to vacuum conditions. Diminishing total pressure improved the net ZnO conversion but favored CO<inf>2</inf> yield due to insufficient gas residence time. Rising ZnO feeding rate under a constant over-stoichiometric CH<inf>4</inf>/ZnO molar ratio of 1.5 enhanced ZnO and methane consumption rates, which promoted Zn and syngas yields. However, an excessively high ZnO feeding rate may be detrimental, as ZnO could accumulate when the ZnO feeding rate is higher than the ZnO consumption rate. In comparison, continuous operation demonstrated greater performance regarding higher ZnO conversion (X<inf>ZnO</inf>) and lower methane cracking than batch operation. High-purity metallic Zn with a well-crystallized structure and of micrometric size was produced from both batch and continuous tests under vacuum and atmospheric pressures, demonstrating suitable reactor performance for the solar thermochemical methane-driven ZnO reduction process. The produced Zn metal can be further re-oxidized with H<inf>2</inf>O or CO<inf>2</inf> in an exothermic reaction to produce pure H<inf>2</inf> or CO by chemical-looping.
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High-Purity and Clean Syngas and Hydrogen Production From Two-Step CH4 Reforming and H2O Splitting Through Isothermal Ceria Redox Cycle Using Concentrated Sunlight
(2020-07-17)
Chuayboon, Srirat
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Abanades, Stéphane
;
Rodat, Sylvain
The thermochemical conversion of methane (CH<inf>4</inf>) and water (H<inf>2</inf>O) to syngas and hydrogen, via chemical looping using concentrated sunlight as a sustainable source of process heat, attracts considerable attention. It is likewise a means of storing intermittent solar energy into chemical fuels. In this study, solar chemical looping reforming of CH<inf>4</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>O splitting over non-stoichiometric ceria (CeO<inf>2</inf>/CeO<inf>2−δ</inf>) redox cycle were experimentally investigated in a volumetric solar reactor prototype. The cycle consists of (i) the endothermic partial oxidation of CH<inf>4</inf> and the simultaneous reduction of ceria and (ii) the subsequent exothermic splitting of H<inf>2</inf>O and the simultaneous oxidation of the reduced ceria under isothermal operation at ~1,000°C, enabling the elimination of sensible heat losses as compared to non-isothermal thermochemical cycles. Ceria-based reticulated porous ceramics with different sintering temperatures (1,000 and 1,400°C) were employed as oxygen carriers and tested with different methane flow rates (0.1–0.4 NL/min) and methane concentrations (50 and 100%). The impacts of operating conditions on the foam-averaged oxygen non-stoichiometry (reduction extent, δ), syngas yield, methane conversion, solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency as well as the effects of transient solar conditions were demonstrated and emphasized. As a result, clean syngas was successfully produced with H<inf>2</inf>/CO ratios approaching 2 during the first reduction step, while high-purity H<inf>2</inf> was subsequently generated during the oxidation step. Increasing methane flow rate and CH<inf>4</inf> concentration promoted syngas yields up to 8.51 mmol/g<inf>CeO<inf>2</inf></inf> and δ up to 0.38, at the expense of enhanced methane cracking reaction and reduced CH<inf>4</inf> conversion. Solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency, namely, the ratio of the calorific value of produced syngas to the total energy input (solar power and calorific value of converted methane), and CH<inf>4</inf> conversion were achieved in the range of 2.9–5.6% and 40.1–68.5%, respectively.
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Comprehensive performance assessment of a continuous solar-driven biomass gasifier
(2018-12-15)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
;
Rodat, Sylvain
The experimental performance assessment of a continuous solar-driven biomass gasifier using real high-flux concentrated solar radiation as the source of process heat has been performed. A comprehensive parametric study considering different lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks (wood type), biomass feeding rates (0.6–2.7 g/min), steam/biomass molar ratios (1.6–2.8), carrier gas flow rates (2–3.3 Nl/min) and reaction temperatures (1100–1300 °C) was conducted for optimizing the syngas production capacity and evaluating the gasification performances. Different wood biomass feedstocks were continuously fed as particles and gasified with H<inf>2</inf>O for producing syngas, thus successfully demonstrating the reliability of the reactor that was operated compatibly with different particle sizes and shapes. A small excess of water with respect to stoichiometry was beneficial for biomass gasification regarding the increase of H<inf>2</inf> and CO and the decrease of CH<inf>4</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and C<inf>2</inf>H<inf>m</inf> production. An increase in the gas residence time resulted in the improvement of the syngas yields and quality. Significant enhancement of syngas yields and production rates through the rise of operating temperature was highlighted with activation energy in the range of 24–29 kJ/mol. Increasing biomass feeding rate improved the syngas yields and gasification rates, enabling efficient solar energy storage into syngas and enhancing the energy upgrade factor (U) above 1.20, the solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency (η<inf>solar-to-fuel</inf>) above 29% and the thermochemical reactor efficiency (η<inf>reactor</inf>) above 27%.
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Experimental analysis of continuous steam gasification of wood biomass for syngas production in a high-temperature particle-fed solar reactor
(2018-03-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
;
Rodat, Sylvain
Solar steam gasification of beech wood biomass has been performed in a novel high-temperature continuously-fed solar reactor for the thermochemical conversion of low-grade carbonaceous feedstock into transportable and storable gaseous fuels (syngas). The 1.5 kW<inf>th</inf> cavity-type solar reactor was operated in the temperature range of 1100–1300 °C. Large wood biomass particles (3–5 mm size) were continuously fed and gasified with the oxidizing agent to produce syngas, thus demonstrating the reactor suitability for large particle size processing. Operating parameters were varied in order to optimize the syngas production. The effect of steam flow-rate, carrier gas flow-rate, temperature, and biomass feeding rate on the syngas yield and reactor performances was experimentally investigated. The increase of steam flow-rate favored H<inf>2</inf>, CO<inf>2</inf> and CH<inf>4</inf> and reduced CO production. A noteworthy increase of the syngas yield with the temperature was highlighted, while the increase of carrier gas flow-rate was detrimental to the amount of syngas produced because of lowered gas residence time. The increase of biomass feeding rate (in the range of 0.8–1.8 g/min) showed noteworthy impact on the syngas composition without affecting the reactor performance, yielding high-quality syngas with a carbon conversion rate above 80%, while the total syngas yield was stable at about 70 mmol/g<inf>biomass</inf>.
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Clean magnesium production using concentrated solar heat in a high-temperature cavity-type thermochemical reactor
(2019-09-20)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
The synthesis of magnesium from the corresponding oxide via a solar carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction process using high-temperature concentrated solar heat was investigated. The reduction of magnesium oxide (MgO) was experimentally demonstrated in a directly-irradiated prototype solar reactor at reduced pressure and temperature up to ∼1650 °C. The solar reactor was successfully operated with a variety of reducing agents (carbon and CH<inf>4</inf>) in batch and continuous modes under atmospheric and low pressure conditions (0.1–0.9 bar), thus representing the first process demonstration of MgO carbothermal reduction with continuous reactant injection in vacuum condition. A parametric study regarding operating pressure, carbon feedstock type, and C/MgO molar ratio was conducted to emphasize their effect on products yield (Mg and CO) and solar reactor performance. MgO conversion, reduction rate, and CO yield increased with decreasing pressure, in agreement with thermodynamic analysis. Utilizing activated charcoal as reducing agent showed the highest MgO conversion and CO yield. High MgO conversion over 99% was demonstrated with maximal CO yield up to 24.59 mmol/g<inf>MgO</inf>, closely approaching theoretical maximum value (24.81 mmol/g<inf>MgO</inf>). Employing methane as a reducing agent was also shown to be an alternative option to produce Mg, although methane cracking occurred simultaneously at the elevated reaction temperature. Mg recovery in the outlet products was identified as one of the most critical process challenges because of the pyrophoric property of the produced nanopowder and its strong oxidation reactivity with air.
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Solar Carbo-Thermal and Methano-Thermal Reduction of MgO and ZnO for Metallic Powder and Syngas Production by Green Extractive Metallurgy
(2022-01-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
The solar carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction of both MgO and ZnO were performed in a flexible solar reactor operated at low pressure through both batch and continuous operations. The pyro-metallurgical process is an attractive sustainable pathway to convert and store concentrated solar energy into high-value metal commodities and fuels. Substituting fossil fuel combustion with solar energy when providing high-temperature process heat is a relevant option for green extractive metallurgy. In this study, a thermodynamic equilibrium analysis was first performed to compare the thermochemical reduction of MgO and ZnO with solid carbon or gaseous methane, and to determine the product distribution as a function of the operating conditions. The carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction of the MgO and ZnO volatile oxides was then experimentally assessed and compared using a directly irradiated cavity-type solar reactor under different operating conditions, varying the type of carbon-based reducing agent (either solid carbon or methane), temperature (in the range 765–1167◦C for ZnO and 991–1550◦C for MgO), total pressure (including both reduced 0.10–0.15 bar and atmospheric ~0.90 bar pressures), and processing mode (batch and continuous operations). The carbo-thermal and methano-thermal reduction reactions yielded gaseous metal species (Mg and Zn) which were recovered at the reactor outlet as fine and reactive metal powders. Reducing the total pressure favored the conversion of both MgO and ZnO and increased the yields of Mg and Zn. However, a decrease in the total pressure also promoted CO<inf>2</inf> production because of a shortened gas residence time, especially in the case of ZnO reduction, whereas CO<inf>2</inf> formation was negligible in the case of MgO reduction, whatever the conditions. Continuous reactant co-feeding (corresponding to the mixture of metal oxide and carbon or methane) was also performed during the solar reactor operation, revealing an increase in both gas production yields and reaction extent while increasing the reactant feeding rate. The type of carbon reducer influenced the reaction extent, since a higher conversion of both MgO and ZnO was reached when using carbon with a highly available specific surface area for the reactions. The continuous solar process yielded high-purity magnesium and zinc content in the solar-produced metallic powders, thus confirming the reliability, flexibility, and robustness of the solar reactor and demonstrating a promising solar metallurgical process for the clean conversion of both metal oxides and concentrated solar light to value-added chemicals.
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Chemical Looping CH4 Reforming Through Isothermal Two-Step Redox Cycling of SrFeO3 Oxygen Carrier in a Tubular Solar Reactor
(2025-03-01)
Abanades, Stéphane
;
Wang, Xinhe
;
Chuayboon, Srirat
The chemical looping reforming of methane using an SrFeO<inf>3</inf> oxygen carrier to produce synthesis gas from solar energy was experimentally investigated and validated. High-temperature solar heat was used to provide the reaction enthalpy, and therefore the methane feedstock was entirely dedicated to producing syngas. The two-step isothermal process encompassed partial perovskite reduction with methane (partial oxidation of CH<inf>4</inf>) and exothermic oxidation of SrFeO<inf>3-δ</inf> with CO<inf>2</inf> or H<inf>2</inf>O splitting under the same operating temperature. The oxygen carrier material was shaped in the form of a reticulated porous foam structure for enhancing heat and mass transfer, and it was cycled in a solar-heated tubular reactor under different operating parameters (temperature: 950–1050 °C, methane mole fraction: 5–30%, and type of oxidant gas: H<inf>2</inf>O vs. CO<inf>2</inf>). This study aimed to assess the fuel production capacity of the two-step process and to demonstrate the potential of using strontium ferrite perovskite during solar cycling for the first time. The maximum H<inf>2</inf> and CO production rates during CH<inf>4</inf>-induced reduction were 70 and 25 mL/min at 1000 °C and 15% CH<inf>4</inf> mole fraction. The increase in both the cycle temperature and the methane mole fraction promoted the reduction step, thereby enhancing syngas yields up to 569 mL/g during reduction at 1000 °C under 30% CH<inf>4</inf> (778 mL/g including both cycle steps), and thus outperforming the performance of the benchmark ceria material. In contrast, the oxidation step was not significantly affected by the experimental conditions and the material’s redox performance was weakly dependent on the nature of the oxidizing gas. The syngas yield remained above 200 mL/g during the oxidation step either with H<inf>2</inf>O or CO<inf>2</inf>. Twelve successive redox cycles with stable patterns in the syngas production yields validated material stability. Combining concentrated solar energy and chemical looping reforming was shown to be a promising and sustainable pathway toward carbon-neutral solar fuels.
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Solar-driven chemical looping reforming of methane over SrFeO3-δ-Ca0.5Mn0.5O nanocomposite foam
(2022-09-15)
Wang, Xinhe
;
Abanades, Stéphane
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Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Zhang, Junshe
;
Wei, Jinjia
Strontium ferrite (SrFeO<inf>3-δ</inf>) is a very attractive oxygen transfer agent for chemical looping reactions and hydrogen-rich syngas generation. Dispersing SrFeO<inf>3</inf> in a medium such as Ca<inf>0.5</inf>Mn<inf>0.5</inf>O could enhance the activity and cyclability. In this study, SrFeO<inf>3-δ</inf>-Ca<inf>0.5</inf>Mn<inf>0.5</inf>O (30 wt% SrFeO<inf>3-δ</inf>) nanocomposite with a reticulated foam structure was explored as the oxygen carrier for chemical looping reforming of methane in a solar tubular reactor. The foam nanocomposite was prepared by a hard-templating method. The performance was investigated at temperatures of 850–1000 °C and methane flowrates of 25–250 STP mL/min, and the oxidative gas was either CO<inf>2</inf> or H<inf>2</inf>O in the oxidation step. In the reduction step of 27 successive redox cycles, the production rate of CO changed marginally and CO yield maintained at about 1.9 mmol/g, even though sintering occurred. The productivity of H<inf>2</inf> decreased first and then tended to be stable at 3.8 mmol/g (i.e., twice the CO yield) as the cycling number increased (the average oxygen storage capacity of the material was ∼1.95 mmol/g). Microscopic and X-ray diffraction investigations suggested that the element distribution pattern and crystalline phase of the foam nanocomposite remained almost unchanged after 27 redox cycles, confirming material stability. The maximum solar-to-fuel efficiency for the foam nanocomposite was 5.68%, which was 21.4% higher than that for the powder nanocomposite. To increase syngas productivity and solar-to-fuel efficiency, it is required to conduct the reforming reaction at high temperatures and methane flowrates. However, the energy upgrade factor will decrease as methane flowrate increases.
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Complete solar thermal direct reduction of iron ore by hydrogen in a particle-fed reactor under concentrated sunlight
(2026-06-01)
Abanades, Stéphane
;
Garcia, Roger
;
Chuayboon, Srirat
Solar iron production from H<inf>2</inf>-based direct reduction of iron ore was investigated in a continuously particle-fed reactor for performance analysis. Concentrated solar energy was used as the external source of high-temperature process heat and hydrogen was used as reductant, thereby enabling decarbonation of the iron-making process. The solar reactor featured a rotary kiln composed of a refractory conical cavity, in which the reacting particles were injected and extracted under a flow of H<inf>2</inf> reductant, subjected to real concentrated solar irradiation. The reactor was experimentally tested under both continuous and semi-continuous operation modes to determine and compare the key performance metrics. The on-sun experiments focused on unraveling the effect of the cavity material and operating mode on the process performance including H<inf>2</inf> consumption, particle conversion, and iron product purity. A cavity made of mullite appeared unfavorable for continuous particle flow due to agglomeration and adherence to the walls. Conversely, boron nitride promoted particle flowability while totally eliminating adhesion to the walls. In continuous mode, the conversion was kinetically limited due to a low particle residence time in the cavity. Semi-continuous operation was thus tested with cavity rotation turned off during injection and rotation turned on for particles extraction, which warranted a high-enough reaction duration with particle conversion approaching completion. Maximum conversion up to 99 % was achieved with complete recovery yield of the converted product at the reactor outlet. Characterization of solid products (XRD, SEM/EDX) confirmed the successful production of pure sponge iron. Further scaling-up of the solar reactor concept with longer cavity length will enhance the particle residence time, thereby favoring their conversion in continuous mode.
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Solar chemical looping reforming of methane combined with isothermal H2O/CO2 splitting using ceria oxygen carrier for syngas production
(2020-02-01)
Chuayboon, Srirat
;
Abanades, Stéphane
;
Rodat, Sylvain
The chemical looping reforming of methane through the nonstoichiometric ceria redox cycle (CeO<inf>2</inf>/CeO<inf>2</inf><inf>−</inf><inf>δ</inf>) has been experimentally investigated in a directly irradiated solar reactor to convert both solar energy and methane to syngas in the temperature range 900–1050 °C. Experiments were carried out with different ceria shapes via two-step redox cycling composed of endothermic partial reduction of ceria with methane and complete exothermic re-oxidation of reduced ceria with H<inf>2</inf>O/CO<inf>2</inf> at the same operating temperature, thereby demonstrating the capability to operate the cycle isothermally. A parametric study considering different ceria macrostructure variants (ceria packed powder, ceria packed powder mixed with inert Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> particles, and ceria reticulated porous foam) and operating parameters (methane flow-rate, reduction temperature, or sintering temperature) was conducted in order to unravel their impact on the bed-averaged oxygen non-stoichiometry (δ), syngas yield, methane conversion, and solar reactor performance. The ceria cycling stability was also experimentally investigated to demonstrate repeatable syngas production by alternating the flow between CH<inf>4</inf> and H<inf>2</inf>O (or CO<inf>2</inf>). A decrease in sintering temperature of the ceria foam was beneficial for increasing syngas selectivity, methane conversion, and reactor performance. Increasing both CH<inf>4</inf> concentration and reduction temperature enhanced δ with the maximum value up to 0.41 but concomitantly favored CH<inf>4</inf> cracking reaction. The ceria reticulated porous foam showed better performance in terms of effective heat transfer, due to volumetric absorption of concentrated solar radiation and uniform heating with lower solar power consumption, thereby promoting the solar-to-fuel energy conversion efficiency that reached up to 5.60%. The energy upgrade factor achieved during cycle was up to 1.19. Stable patterns in the δ and syngas yield for consecutive cycles with the ceria foam validated material performance stability.

Chuayboon, Srirat

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