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    Characteristics and upregulation of antioxidant enzymes of kitchen mint and oolong tea kombucha beverages
    (2021-01-01)
    Tanticharakunsiri, Wanlapa
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    Mangmool, Supachoke
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    ;
    Kombucha is a healthy traditional beverage which is made by fermenting products with a symbiotic culture of acetic acid bacteria and yeasts. In present study, leaves of kitchen mint (Mentha cordifolia Opiz. Ex Fresen) and leaves of oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) were fermented in kombucha formula. After fermentation, titratable acidity contents and ethanol of kitchen mint, oolong tea, and mixtures of oolong tea and kitchen mint kombucha samples gradually increased with a period of fermentation time. At day 14 of fermentation, phenolic compounds and flavonoids were increased in all kombucha samples. The numbers of acetic acid bacteria and yeast in kombucha had gradually raised during 7–14 days of fermentation. DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities of these kombucha increased over a period of fermentation time and shown the highest antioxidant capacity on day 14 of fermentation. In addition, all kombucha samples exhibited the antioxidant effects by attenuating H<inf>2</inf>O<inf>2</inf>-induced ROS production, increasing mRNA expression of catalase, glutathione reductase (GRe), and Mn-SOD, and inducing GRe enzymatic activity in HEK-293 cells. Kombucha beverage can be used as the healthy beverages for attenuation of oxidative stress in many diseases.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Kombucha Beverages Produced from Fruits, Vegetables, and Plants: A Review on Their Pharmacological Activities and Health Benefits
    (2023-05-01)
    Anantachoke, Natthinee
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    Duangrat, Ratchanee
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    Sutthiphatkul, Tanyarat
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    ;
    Mangmool, Supachoke
    Kombucha is a traditional health beverage produced by fermenting sweetened tea with a symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts. Consumption of kombucha beverages has been growing and there is kombucha commercially available worldwide as one of the most famous low-alcohol beverages. Kombucha beverages have been claimed to have beneficial effects on human health because they contain a variety of bioactive compounds that possess various functional properties. At present, several kinds of raw material (e.g., milk, fruit, vegetables, and herbs) have been fermented with kombucha consortium and consumed as kombucha beverages. Although several studies have been written regarding the biological activities of kombucha and raw materials, there is however little information available on the characterization of their components as well as the biological activities of fermented kombucha from many raw material mixtures. Several pharmacological activities were reviewed in the scientific literature, describing their potential implications for human health. In addition, the adverse effects and toxicity of kombucha consumption were also reviewed. In this study, we focused on the main and latest studies of the pharmacological effects of kombucha beverages produced from various kinds of raw materials, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and antihyperlipidemic effects in in vitro and in vivo studies.
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    Characteristics and antioxidant activity of royal lotus pollen, butterfly pea flower, and oolong tea kombucha beverages
    (2021-10-01)
    Wongthai, Narathip
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    Tanticharakunsiri, Wanlapa
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    Mangmool, Supachoke
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    Kombucha is a fermented functional tea beverage that is prepared by inoculating a microbial consortium comprising acetic acid bacteria and yeast into sweetened black tea and incubating it under aerobic conditions. In this study, kombucha beverages of royal lotus pollen (Nelumbo nucifera), butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea), and oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) leaves were prepared via fermentation with a kombucha consortium containing acetic acid bacteria and yeast for a period of 20 days. The amounts of acetic acid and ethanol in royal lotus pollen kombucha (LK), butterfly pea flower kombucha (BK), and oolong tea kombucha (OK) samples gradually increased after fermentation. In addition, the total phenolic contents (TPCs), total flavonoid contents (TFCs), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) free radical scavenging capacities, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacities of all the kombucha beverages gradually increased after fermentation; the beverages exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity on day 20 of fermentation. The kombucha beverages from butterfly pea flowers and oolong tea leaves significantly inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by increasing the synthesis of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), glutathione reductase (GRe), glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPx-1), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in human embryonic kidney-293 (HEK-293) cells. Therefore, the consumption of these antioxidant-rich kombucha beverages can reduce the risk of oxidative stress, which is the cause of many diseases.
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    Characteristics and Antioxidant Activities of Kombucha from Black Tea and Roselle by a Mixed Starter Culture
    (2023-12-29)
    Sutthiphatkul, Tanyarat
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    Mangmool, Supachoke
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    ;
    Kombucha is a functional beverage fermented by the symbiosis of bacteria and yeasts and is comprised mainly of bioactive compounds and acids that have beneficial health effects. Our research aimed to determine the optimal ratio of co-culture of the bacterium Acetobacter pasteurianus AJ605 and the yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii YN403 for kombucha fermentation in order to improve the consistency of kombucha quality so that it can be mass produced. Microbial growth, chemical characteristics, and antioxidant activities of kombucha during fermentation were analyzed. The results showed that a co-culture ratio of 8:2 (v/v) of A. pasteurianus AJ605 and Z. bailii YN403 gave the highest antioxidant activity after 10 days of fermentation, with a DPPH IC<inf>50</inf> value of 25.76 µl/mL and an ABTS IC<inf>50</inf> value of 8.84 µl/mL. The co-culture ratio of 8:2 showed antioxidant activity that was not significantly different (p>0.05) from that of SCOBY (symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeasts) alone. Additionally, during fermentation, the pH of kombucha decreased to 3.16, with increases in titratable acidity and alcohol content of 7.00 g/L and 7.96 g/L, respectively. To enhance the antioxidant activity and taste quality of kombucha, black tea and roselle were mixed at various ratios and inoculated with 10% (v/v) optimal co-culture. The results showed that a high antioxidant activity was obtained using an 8:2 (w/w) ratio of black tea and roselle, at day 10 of fermentation, with a DPPH IC<inf>50</inf> value of 23.88 µl/mL and ABTS IC<inf>50</inf> value of 6.11 µl/mL. Moreover, the results indicate that kombucha from black tea and roselle can be a functional beverage that has high antioxidant activity and sensory acceptability.