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    CFD modelling of pump-around jet mixing tanks: a discrepancy in concentration profiles
    Jet mixing tanks are important in chemical processes. Over the past two decades or so, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been employed to study jet mixers. The shortfalls of the previous CFD models were the discrepancy in concentration profiles between simulation and experiment and the absence of exact inlet turbulence conditions. So, in our present work, the CFD model was developed to investigate the proper conditions for jet mixing tank simulation and improve the accuracy of concentration profile prediction by using an appropriate grid arrangement, a realizable k-epsilon model, and a second-order upwind discretization scheme. The results revealed that the CFD model with proper inlet conditions predicted the overall mixing time well and somewhat improved the predicted concentration profiles. Further, the reasons for discrepancies in concentration profiles were inappropriate inlet turbulence conditions and overprediction in total momentum available for mixing due to the flat top liquid surface assumption. In addition, this discrepancy may be caused by the dynamic response of concentration measuring device.
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    Development of rotating tray dryer and study of the hot air flow pattern with computational fluid dynamics
    (2015-01-01) ;
    Srisakwattana, Nitika
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    Saksawad, Treenuch
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    Rotating tray dryer has the advantages over Cabinet dryer when we compare them, which is the end product from drying procedure has more regularity of moistness after the procedure. A new tray dryer with three rotating trays was designed, constructed and evaluated to find the optimal pattern for inputting hot air into the chamber. Three experiments to supply hot air were investigated. First, hot air flows in lower inlet tube with and without tray rotation. The comparison on hot air ratio with tray rotation was made by varying the ratio of air flow rate though three wall-side tubes at 0:0:100, 20:20:60 and 30:30:40 (upper: middle: lower). The optimal ratio was found to be 30:30:40. Next, this optimal ratio was used to compare the drying efficiency between entering hot air through one-way inlet with tray rotation (rotating tray) and entering hot air through two-way inlets without tray rotation (stationary trays). The optimal pattern for entering hot air is two-way inlets of hot air with stationary trays at the ratio of 30:30:40. This setting was used for drying of mulberry and measuring total phenolic compound (TPC) in dried mulberry. After drying process, the quantities of TPC in each tray were not significantly different. Furthermore, the optimal condition is used to study the temperature profile with simulation program (Computational Fluid Dynamics, CFD) and the results from CFD are correlated with the experiments.
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    Influence of jet discharge velocity profile on CFD simulation of pump-around jet mixing tank
    (2018-08-14)
    Jorakit, Thanwa
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    Phaiboonsilpa, Natthanon
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    Ponpo, Phisan
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    The present paper shows the effect of jet discharge velocity profile (or jet nozzle configuration) on CFD simulation of an open 45° inclined side entry pump-around jet mixing tank. The CFD model was carefully developed by using appropriate grid arrangement, boundary conditions, and numerical methods. The two different jet discharge velocity profiles, including top hat and fully developed profiles, were simulated by using the inlet mass flow rate of about 0.22 kg·s<sup>-1</sup>. The overall mixing times and normalized concentration profiles predicted by two different jet discharge velocity profiles were compared with the previous reliable experimental data. The results revealed that the different jet discharge velocity profiles resulted in different jet flow and mixing patterns inside the vessels.
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    A suitable k-epsilon model for CFD simulation of pump-around jet mixing tank with moderate jet reynolds number
    (2018-08-14)
    Phapatarinan, Satapan
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    This paper presents the appropriate turbulence model for predicting the overall mixing time inside an open 45° inclined side entry pump-around jet mixing tank with moderate jet Reynolds number of about 17,515. The model was carefully developed by using appropriate hexahedral grid arrangement and proper numerical methods. The two different k-epsilon turbulence models, including realizable k-epsilon model and low Reynolds number k-epsilon model, were simulated. The overall mixing times predicted by these turbulence models were compared with the previous data reported by Patwardhan (Chem. Eng. Sci. 57 (2002) 1307-1318). The results revealed that the low Reynolds number k-epsilon model was a suitable model for predicting the overall mixing time of jet mixing tank with moderate jet Reynolds number.
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    Influence of grid distribution on CFD model of compressible flow inside the primary nozzle and mixing chamber used in refrigeration application
    In this study, the influence of grid distribution on CFD model of the primary nozzle and mixing chamber used in refrigeration application was primarily investigated. The only one geometry of primary nozzle and mixing chamber was modeled. The two different grid distributions, fine near-wall grid and regular grid with the identical total grid number, were simulated to investigate the flow phenomena inside the considered system. The appropriate boundary conditions and numerical methods were carefully employed. The simulated entrainment ratios obtained by two different grid arrangements were validated by comparing with the reliable experimental data. The results revealed that the Mach number distributions of these models were different. Further, the outlet total pressure predicted by fine near-wall grid was about 1.3% higher than that obtained by regular grid.
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    A review on numerical consideration for computational fluid dynamics modeling of jet mixing tanks
    Over two decades or so, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of various jet mixing tank configurations was developed and published. Further, the studies of various parameters used in experimental and CFD works were also reviewed to obtain the optimal design procedure. However, the numerical setup for jet mixing tank modeling was not studied and reported. Hence, in this review paper, the important numerical setup for CFD simulation of jet mixing tanks, including numerical solution techniques, turbulence model selection, boundary conditions, numerical methods, solution strategy, and CFD grid, are clearly demonstrated to achieve the comprehensive CFD modeling guideline for jet mixing tank. Further, the validations for jet mixing tank models are also represented.
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    CFD modelling of pump-around jet mixing tanks: a reliable model for overall mixing time prediction
    Over the past two decades or so, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been employed to predict overall mixing times inside jet mixing tanks instead of non-universal mixing time correlations obtained by experiments. However, the numerical methods for jet mixing tank simulations were not clearly tested and the discretization errors of the previous CFD models were not assessed. So, in this paper, the suitable turbulence model and numerical methods for pump-around jet mixing tank simulations were investigated. Further, the discretization errors of the present CFD models were estimated with the help of grid convergence index (GCI). The results revealed that the realizable k-epsilon model, SIMPLE, second order upwind, and first order implicit were proper turbulence model and numerical methods for pump-around jet mixing tank simulations. From GCI analyses, the maximum discretization uncertainty in overall mixing time of the present CFD models was about ±0.08 s.
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    Investigation of entrance length in circular and noncircular conduits by computational fluid dynamics simulation
    (2014-01-01)
    Tongpun, Pimpun
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    This study estimated entrance length of circular and noncircular conduits, including circle, triangle, square and hexagon cross-sectional conduit, by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). For simulation condition, the length of non-circular conduit was 10 m and the hydraulic diameter was 0.2 m. The laminar flow with Reynolds number of 500 and turbulent flow with Reynolds number of 50,000 were applied to investigate water flow in conduits. The governing equations were solved iteratively by using ANSYS FLUENT 14.0. For turbulent flow simulation, standard k-epsilon and RNG k-epsilon model were employed to simulate turbulence. The preliminary results were validated by comparison with theoretical data. At first, grid independency was evaluated to optimize the model. Norm* was employed to investigate the entrance length, which is related to velocity. The simulated results revealed that the entrance length for laminar flow was longer than turbulent flow.