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    Microwave and induction heating-assisted biosynthesis of 12CaO.7Al2O3 electride from aloe vera leaf extract
    (2021-01-01)
    Langlar, Waramon
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    Aeimbhu, Areeya
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    ;
    The white powders used as precursor powders for the synthesis of 12CaO.7Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> electride (C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup>) were prepared by biosynthesis method using Aloe vera extract and microwave assisted synthesis. The C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup> crystals were synthesized by induction heating process under a reducing atmosphere at different times of 3, 4 and 5 min. The structure of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup> powders was characterized by X-ray diffraction. The XRD analysis revealed that pure C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup> powders were obtained from white precursor powders with an induction heating process time of 5 min. To confirm that the white precursor powders were transformed into C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup> after induction heating process for 3, 4 and 5 min, the optical absorption spectra of powders were investigated by an UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectrometer in the wavelength range of 200 - 800 nm. The results show the optical absorption bands at 2.8 eV for the white precursor powders with induction heating time of 3, 4 and 5 min. This is due to the C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> was transformed into electride (C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>:e<sup>-</sup>). Therefore, the results on the optical absorption spectra are in good agreement with the XRD results.
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    Item type:Publication,
    Microwave-assisted biosynthesis of C12A7 nanopowders from Aloe Vera leaf extract
    (2020-06-01)
    Langlar, Waramon
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    Aeimbhu, Areeya
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    ;
    In this paper, the synthesis of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> nanopowders with OH<sup>1</sup> specie inside cage via biological method using Aloe Vera (A. vera) leaf extract with different concentrations of 0, 15, 20, 25 and 50%, and microwave-assisted synthesis was reported. The effects of A. vera leaf extract concentration on the structure, morphology and specific surface area of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> nanopowders were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy and N<inf>2</inf> gas adsorptiondesorption isotherm, respectively. The functional groups of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> nanopowders with OH<sup>1</sup> specie inside cage were analyzed by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The XRD patterns showed that the pure peak of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> was obtained from the samples prepared with A. vera leaf extract concentration of 20% and above. The minimum crystallite size of the C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> nanopowders was found to be 43.17 nm for the sample prepared with 25% A. vera leaf extract concentration. The maximum specific surface area (S<inf>BET</inf>) obtained from N<inf>2</inf> gas adsorptiondesorption isotherm was found to be 17.25 m<sup>2</sup>/g with a minimum pore size of 12.24 nm for the sample prepared with 25% A. vera leaf extract concentration. The FT-IR spectra of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> prepared with A. vera leaf extract reveals the presence of amide of protein in A. vera leaf bonded to C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> indicating the biological responsibility for the synthesis of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf>. Furthermore, in this work with the microwave-assisted synthesis of C<inf>12</inf>A<inf>7</inf> nanopowders, the calcining time could be reduced by 10 h compared with a chemical process and temperature could be reduced to 900 °C compared with a standard sintering temperature.