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    Item type:Publication,
    Assessing the Effectiveness of Smartphone Usage to Interact with Learning Materials in Independent Learning Outside of Classrooms among Undergraduate Students
    (2021-03-01)
    Vongjaturapat, Sununthar
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    Yimyamc, Panitnat
    Clearly, the smartphone is increasingly playing a greater role in everyday life, thus providing opportunities to evaluate how well the use of the smartphone meets the requirements of undergraduate students in independent learning outside of a classroom setting. This study used the task-technology fit (TTF) model to explore the effectiveness of smartphone usage to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms, the need for smartphone support, and the fit of devices to tasks as well as performance. First, the study used interviews, observation, and survey data to identify what are the most important constructs of smartphones that stimulate students to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms. Based on the findings from the exploratory study and Task Technology Fit theory, we postulated the Navigation design, Ergonomic design, Content support, and Capacity as the essential dimension of the smartphone construct. Then, we proposed a research model and empirically tested hypotheses with the structural model analysis. The results reveal a significant positive impact of task and technology on TTF for smartphone usage to interact with learning materials in independent learning outside of classrooms; it also confirmed the TTF and performance have a direct effect on actual use.
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    Item type:Publication,
    A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FOREARM AND HAND MUSCLE USAGE DURING HANDWRITING PRACTICE USING HANDWRITING TOOL
    (2022-01-01)
    Vongjaturapat, Sununthar
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    The foundation of education is learning how to write and is considered an essential skill. The early years of education are dedicated to learning how to hold a pencil and how to form letters and words. This research aims to investigate whether there are differences in muscle activity usage between various digital handwriting tools and a standard pencil. We compare the electromyogram of five muscles: upper trapezius (TRAP), biceps brachii (BB), extensor digitorum communis (EDC), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and first dorsal interosseous (FDI) during elementary school’s practice of forming letters and words. Five types of (digital) handwriting devices were used. The results showed that using Chromebooks, indicating a trend of increasing in TRAP and BB muscle activities. However, using Chromebook, indicating a trend of reducing in FDI muscle activity. Moreover, when practicing forming letters and words with iPad Pro and Livescribe pens, subjects had the lowest TRAP and BB muscle activity. When using a pencil, it indicated a trend of increasing EDC, FDS and FDI muscle activities. The findings also suggest that a Boogie Board Sync, without line space on the black screen of slate, may create difficulty in controlling their strokes on the surface properly, strokes beautification and their aesthetics, and these may ultimately affect muscle activity. Thus, this study indicated a potential lower energy consumption and lower health risks with the digital handwriting technology. Therefore, for preventing long-term negative effects on fine motor skills development digital handwriting tools may be a suitable interface solution for learning environments