Kenpankho, Prasert

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Kenpankho, Prasert
Alternative Name
Kenpankho, P.
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Email
prasert.ke@kmitl.ac.th

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    Item type:Publication,
    GNSS Receiver Bias Model for Near Real Time TEC Monitoring at Low Latitude, Thailand
    (2026-01-01)
    Kenpankho, Prasert
    ;
    Maichuen, Samatchaya
    ;
    Phothila, Prarinya
    ;
    Zhang, Jianfeng
    ;
    Keokhumcheng, Thanapon
    This research proposes and investigates GNSS receiver bias modeling for near real time total electron content (TEC) monitoring across 16 multi-frequency GNSS stations in low latitude, Thailand, from 2022-2024. By applying a refined methodology based on Kenpankho et al. (2021) and integrating IONOLAB-BIAS for single station bias estimation, the research corrects for satellite and receiver inter-frequency biases to enhance TEC accuracy. Results show a consistent upward trend in TEC values, reflecting increased latitudes, seasonal ionospheric activity, and geomagnetic storms. Comparative analysis with the IRI 2020 model using correlation coefficients and RMSE reveals spatial and temporal variation, with near equatorial latitude stations showing strong alignment than upper low latitude stations. The results highlight the importance of localized GNSS-based TEC models for improving satellite positioning accuracy in equatorial regions and highlight the limitations of global models under dynamic ionospheric conditions.
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    Low latitude TEC disturbances during extreme geomagnetic storms: insights into March and May 2024
    (2025-12-15)
    Pansong, C.
    ;
    Wongsak, P.
    ;
    Ruttanaburee, S.
    ;
    Pornsopin, P.
    ;
    Kenpankho, P.
    This study investigates the variations of the Total Electron Content (TEC) in response to the extreme geomagnetic storms at the low latitudes over Thailand in 2024. For analyzing data from geomagnetic storms recorded in March and May 2024, with Dst maximum to −412 nT and Kp index to 9 on May 11, 2024, Dst at −351 nT and Kp at 9- on May 10, 2024, Dst at −159 nT and Kp at 7 on May 12, 2024, and Dst at −128 nT and Kp at 8 + on March 24, 2024. This study conducted a 13-day analysis for maximum negative Dst storm event, encompassing six days before and six days after the event. Data were sourced from GNSS receiver stations at Chiang Mai (THCM: 19.21°N, 99.12°E, 9.96°N Dip), Bangkok (THBK: 13.73°N, 100.78°E, 4.82°N Dip), and Chumphon (THCP: 10.72°N, 99.38°E, 1.85°N Dip), Thailand. The study highlights a significant TEC disturbance that increases during the extreme geomagnetic storm, particularly at THCP, next to equatorial latitude. TEC increases at a heightened sensitivity to geomagnetic storms. As a result, TEC reached up to 60 TECU from the average TEC of the six previous days and six posterior days excluding the maximum storm event day at a low latitude. The intense nighttime geomagnetic storms were a few events that resulted in minimal TEC gap increases compared to the daytime geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the correlation coefficient between geomagnetic storm levels and TEC disturbances is strongly and significantly linked to storm intensity. The signature of TEC disturbance is influenced during extreme geomagnetic storms in the ascending phase of Solar Cycle 25 at low latitudes, emphasizing the importance of enhanced understanding of TEC behavior in low latitude regions.