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    Effect of sterility value on qualities of chinese braised culled steer beef in retort pouch
    (2020-12-01)
    Kumueang, C.
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    The results showed that their cook values were 72.42, 87.05 and 95.04 min, respectively. Microbiological analysis and sterility test were proved that the samples were safety for microbiological quality. However, parameters of texture profile (hardness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness) decreased as F0 value was increased (p<0.05). Similarly, shear force decreased with increasing F0 value (p<0.05). The CIE L Value increased and CIE a*values decreased as F0 value was increased. For sensory evaluation, semi-trained panelists mostly impressed this product which produced by F0 value of 10 min (p<0.05). Therefore, the development of Chinese braised beef in retort pouch was satisfied with F0 value of 10 min.
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    Hydrolytic properties of crude protease from Bacillus subtilis subsp. Subtilis M13
    (2019-01-01)
    Samritphol, W.
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    Sumpavapol, P.
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    A new strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis M13 which isolated from meat is proved to be the collagenase producing bacteria based on high degradation of denatured form of collagen or gelatin. The molecular weight of the crude enzyme was approximately be 21 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Maximum collagenolytic activity based on gelatin as a substrate was attained at 50°C and pH 6.0 with citrate buffer. Furthermore, this enzyme was preferable to hydrolyze insoluble collagen, and followed by elastin at 37°C and pH 6.0. Maximum hydrolysis for collagen was showed by the highest release of amino acid at 998 μg/ml after incubation for 24 h, and elastin at 656 μg/ml after incubation for 12 h. However, the hydrolytic activity against myofibrillar protein extracted from meat was relatively lower than 3.3 μg/ml at 6 h. There was found either no or slightly hydrolytic effect after prolonged incubation. The results indicated the potential protease for using as meat tenderizing enzyme with high degradation of collagen and elastin with low hydrolysis of meat myofibrillar protein.
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    Enhancing health-oriented Chashu pork: Effects of transglutaminase and omega-3 enriched pork belly with improved sliceability and fatty acid profile
    (2026-05-01) ; ;
    Uesakulrungrueng, C.
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    Results from the first experiment indicated that powdered transglutaminase (TG) at 1% w/w resulted in the highest slicing yield, hardness, and gumminess of the fat portion compared with the control and dissolved TG treatments (P<0.05). Sensory evaluation also showed significantly higher scores for binding, taste, texture, and overall acceptability than the other treatments (P<0.05). The second experiment further investigated Chashu pork produced from omega-3 enriched pork in comparison with pork obtained from animals fed a standard diet (control). Analysis of composition showed that omega-3 pork and its Chashu contained lower fat but higher protein and moisture contents as well as significantly greater omega-3 fatty acids compared with control pork (P<0.05). In addition, these samples demonstrated a higher polyunsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (PUFA/SFA) ratio (P<0.05), indicating improved lipid nutritional quality. Notably, Chashu from omega-3 pork had approximately 3.8-fold higher omega-3 fatty acids than control Chashu and achieved an omega-6/omega-3 ratio below 4.0, compared with about 19.3 in the control group. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences in all tested attributes between treatments (P>0.05). These findings demonstrated that the use of powdered TG improved the sliceability and sensory quality of Chashu pork, while omega-3 pork provided additional nutritional benefits by improving the PUFA/SFA ratio and enhancing omega-3 fatty acids. This approach not only helps to reduce product loss caused by separation during slicing, but also enhances the value of pork belly with adding health benefits.
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    Effects of humectant and roasting on physicochemical and sensory properties of jerky made from spent hen meat
    (2016-01-01) ;
    Uesakulrungrueng, Chanpen
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    This study was carried out to develop jerky product utilizing spent hen meat. Manipulation of water activity (aw) of semi-dried meat with the addition of humectants (glycerol and sorbitol at the concentration of 0, 10, and 15%) and roasting process were applied to enhance quality of jerky product. After spent hen meat was ground, formulated, reformed and then dried in convection oven at 85oC for 2 h followed by 60oC for 1 h, all jerky samples showed values of aw ≤0.85 with total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold and Staphylococcus aureus counts were reduced to undetectable levels. Moreover, the results showed that the 15% glycerol added jerky showed superior quality, indicated by the lowest aw, low protein aggregation as evaluated by sorption isotherm and the lowest shear value as compared to sorbitol added and control samples (p<0.05). Regardless effect of humectant, roasting could improve the quality of the jerky via enhanced sensory attributes by increasing color, appearance, flavor and overall acceptability scores (p<0.05). Therefore, spent hen meat could be used as a potential raw material for jerky in which soft product texture obtained by the addition of glycerol and intense flavor resulted from roasting process after drying, leading to sensory acceptance.
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    Partial replacement of pork backfat with konjac gel in Northeastern Thai fermented sausage (Sai Krok E-san) to produce the healthier product
    (2019-01-01) ;
    Jansa, Sujitta
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    Objective: The influence of konjac gel level on fermentation process and product qualities were assessed to evaluate the feasibility of using it as fat analog in Northeastern Thai fermented sausage (Sai Krok E-san). Methods: Five treatments of fermented sausages were formulated by replacing pork backfat with 0%, 7.5%, 22.5%, and 30% konjac gel. The changes in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and important physicochemical properties of samples were assessed during 3 days of fermentation. After the end of fermentation at day 3, water activity (a<inf>w</inf>), instrumental texture, color, microbial counts, and sensory evaluation were compared. The best product formulation using konjac for replacing pork back fat were selected and used to compare proximate composition and energy value with control sample (30% pork backfat). Results: An increase in konjac gel resulted in higher values of LAB, total acidity, and proteolysis index with lower pH and lipid oxidation during 3 days of product fermentation (p< 0.05). It was noted that larger weight loss and product shrinkage during fermentation was observed with higher levels of konjac gel (p<0.05). The resulting sausage at day 3 with 15% to 30% konjac gel exhibited higher hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness, and chewiness than control (p<0.05). The external color of samples with 22.5% to 30% konjac gel were redder than others (p<0.05). Mold, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in all finished products were lower than detectable levels. Product with 15% konjac gel had the highest scores of sourness linking and overall acceptability (p<0.05). Conclusion: The product with 15% of konjac gel was the optimum formulation for replacing pork backfat. It had higher sensorial scores of sourness and overall acceptability than control with less negative impact on external appearance (product shrinkage) and weight loss. Moreover, it provided 46% fat reduction and 32% energy reduction than control.
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    Sous-vided Restructured Goat Steaks: Process Optimized by Thermal Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Their Quality Characteristics
    (2019-12-01) ; ;
    Kongsrirat, Kamonthip
    The thermal-death times of Listeria monocytogenes were determined in inoculated restructured goat steak at 60℃, 65℃, and 70℃ of sous-vide temperatures. D-values of L. monocytogenes in inoculated restructured goat steak ranged from 7.27 min at 60℃ to 0.46 min at 70℃. Times need to yield at least a 6 log reduction of L. monocytogenes at their temperatures for this product were 47, 12, and 3 min, respectively. After sous-vide, all microbial counts in non-inoculated samples were not detectable, except the aerobic and anaerobic mesophilie and lactic acid bacteria counts were lower than 2 Log CFU/g. For sous-vided and grilled sous-vided samples, sous-vide loss and surface shrinkage were the lowest in samples sous-vided at 60℃ for 47 min (p<0.05). These samples demonstrated the lowest CIE L*, shear force, hardness, gumminess and chewiness and the highest CIE a* and hue angle (p<0.05). Therefore, sous-vide at 60℃ for 47 min provided convenient ready-to-cook restructured goat steak for microbiology safety and optimization of physicochemical quality.
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    Bacteriocins from lactic acid bacteria and their applications in meat and meat products
    (2016-10-01)
    Woraprayote, Weerapong
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    Malila, Yuwares
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    Swetwiwathana, Adisorn
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    Benjakul, Soottawat
    Meat and meat products have always been an important part of human diet, and contain valuable nutrients for growth and health. Nevertheless, they are perishable and susceptible to microbial contamination, leading to an increased health risk for consumers as well as to the economic loss in meat industry. The utilization of bacteriocins produced by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as a natural preservative has received a considerable attention. Inoculation of bacteriocin-producing LAB cell as starter or protective cultures is suitable for fermented meats, whilst the direct addition of bacteriocin as food additive is more preferable when live cells of LAB could not produce bacteriocin in the real meat system. The incorporation of bacteriocins in packaging is another way to improve meat safety to avoid direct addition of bacteriocin to meat. Utilization of bacteriocins can effectively contribute to food safety, especially when integrated into hurdle concepts. In this review, LAB bacteriocins and their applications in meat and meat products are revisited. The molecular structure and characteristics of bacteriocins recently discovered, as well as exemplary properties are also discussed.
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    Quality deterioration of spent hen jerky packed using different packaging methods and stored at ambient temperature
    (2018-01-01) ;
    Uesakulrungrueng, Chanpen
    Background and Objective: The packaging system of jerky, a semi-dried meat product, is one of the most important factors controlling product deterioration during prolonged storage, especially in the case of spent hen meat, which is susceptible to oxidation. This typical product is generally packed in vacuum (VAC) packaging or via heat sealing with an oxygen scavenger (HSOS). This study aimed to determine the suitable packaging and to assess the physicochemical, microbiological and sensory qualities of spent hen jerky packed using different packaging methods (VAC vs. HSOS) over 90 days of storage. Methodology: The jerky was prepared by grinding spent hen meat and mixing it with ingredients, followed by forming, dehydrating and roasting the jerky. The resulting products were randomly packed under VAC or via HSOS and stored at 32±2°C for 90 days. The changes in the physicochemical and microbiological qualities of the packed products were determined at 15 days intervals, while the changes in the sensory qualities were evaluated at 90 days by comparison with freshly prepared product (0 day) as a control. Results: The moisture content and water activity of the jerky increased with the storage period (p<0.05), with no significant differences observed between the packaging methods (p>0.05). Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) increased in samples during storage (p<0.05), but the HSOS packaging retarded the lipid oxidation in jerky compared to the VAC packaging. Moreover, the HSOS-packed product showed higher redness, yellowness and vividness and lower microbial growth during storage than did the VAC-packed product (p<0.05). According to the sensory evaluation, the jerky packed via HSOS and stored at 90 days had higher flavor and overall acceptability scores than that packed under VAC (p<0.05) and had similar scores to the those of the freshly prepared product. Conclusion: The results indicated that the HSOS treatment is preferred for packing jerky processed from spent hen meat because it can retard lipid oxidation, color deterioration and microbial growth during storage.
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    Characterization of Nipa Palm’s (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) Sap and Syrup as Functional Food Ingredients
    (2020-02-01)
    Phetrit, Renuka
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    Chaijan, Manat
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    Panpipat, Worawan
    Nipa palm (Nypa fruticans Wurmb.) sap and its syrup locally produced in southern, Thailand, were characterized. Sugar was the predominant dry matter of both sap and syrup (p < 0.05). Sucrose, glucose and fructose were detected in both samples. In both samples, potassium was the most abundant macroelement (p < 0.05), followed by sodium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium, respectively. Iron, copper, zinc, manganese and iodine were also found. Syrup had higher total soluble solid, lower a<inf>w</inf> and pH, darker color with higher intermediate browning product (A<inf>285</inf>) and browning intensity (A<inf>420</inf>) than sap. Syrup had lower total phenolic and flavonoid contents than sap (p < 0.05). Vanillic acid was predominant in sap, whereas vanillic acid, rutin and trans-ferullic acid were identified in syrup. DPPH<sup>·</sup>-scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating abilities of sap were higher than syrup, whereas the ferric reducing antioxidant power of the syrup was higher (p < 0.05). Sap and syrup were able to inhibit α-glucosidase with the IC<inf>50</inf> of 15.79 and 222.51 mg/mL, respectively. Similar FTIR spectra with the different intensities of sap and syrup were noticeable suggesting the identical compositions of both samples with different contents. The peaks at 3380 and 2924 cm<sup>−1</sup> suggested the presence of carbohydrates and the bands at 1500–800 cm<sup>−1</sup> represented the zone of the three major sugar including sucrose, fructose and glucose. Our result suggests that nipa palm sap and syrup can be used as potential sources of functional food ingredients.
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    Quality and stability of reduced-fat fermented pork sausage (Sai Krok E-san) with konjac gel during chilled storage
    (2020-01-01) ;
    Jansa, S.
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    The quality and shelflife of reduced-fat Thai fermented pork sausage (Sai Krok E-san) were evaluated and the effect of replacing pork backfat with konjac gel on the changes in qualities during chilled storage was measured. Weight loss, pH, color and protein degradation between control (30% pork back fat) and reduced-fat products (50% of substitution pork back fat with konjac gel) were not significantly different (p<0.05). However, reduced-fat product with konjac gel exhibited a superior texture, with higher values for hardness, cohesiveness, gumminess, springiness and chewiness (p<0.05). During the 2 weeks of storage, lipid oxidation was lower in the reduced-fat sample (p<0.05) when compared with the control, thereafter these values for both products were increased without significant differences (p>0.05). Although lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were not influenced by the reformulation (p<0.05), LAB gradually increased during storage and ranged from 8 log CFU/g at the begining to 9 log CFU/g after 4 weeks. The sensory panel stated that both products had acceptable sensory quality if the products were kept less than 3 weeks. Longer periods led to a more rancid flavor, especially in the control sample.