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    Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and rhizobium on physiology and yield of peanut under drought conditions
    (2024-01-01) ; ;
    Buram, Kiattisak
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    Kaewnoo, Tipawan
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    Ruttanaprasert, Ruttanachira
    Drought is the one primary issue limiting peanut growth and productivity. The study aimed to investigate the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), rhizobium (Rhi), and their combinations on phenolic content, proline content, growth, and yield of peanut under different soil water regimes. The pot experiments were carried out for two growing seasons under greenhouse conditions and designed based on a 2×3 factorial in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Factor A comprised two soil water regimes: field capacity (FC) and 1/3 available soil water (1/3 AW), whereas factor B included three different types of microorganisms: (i) uninoculated control, (ii) arbuscular mycorrhiza (AMF), and (iii) a combination of AMF and rhizobium (Rhi) inoculations. Data were collected for growth, proline content, phenolic content, yield, and yield components. Drought stress significantly reduced in relative water content, leaf area, biomass, yield, and yield components of peanut, whereas leaf phenolic content was increased under drought stress. Higher pod dry weight was achieved under FC conditions (28.87 g plant<sup>-1</sup>), and it was reduced to 16.06 g plant<sup>-1</sup> under 1/3 FC. Interestingly, AMF+Rhi synergistically increased the leaf area compared with non-incubated peanut under 1/3 FC conditions. AMF-inoculated peanut tended to increase biomass, while the combination of AMF+Rhi tended to have higher yield components compared with uninoculated control, especially for the weight of 100 seeds.
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    Effect of organic fertilizer rates on grain yield and seed qualities of rice
    (2024-05-01) ;
    Maniin, P.
    ;
    Nilkong, P.
    ;
    ;
    The effect of organic fertilizer quantity on the yield and seed qualities of Pathumthani 1 rice revealed that the highest grain yield, 3,893 kg/ha, was attained with the application of 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer, whereas rice without fertilizer exhibited the lowest yield. However, the application of 1.6 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer resulted in the highest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage, with values of 98.00%, 32.43, and 99.71%, respectively. Conversely, applying 2.24 kg N/ha of organic fertilizer yielded the lowest seed germination rate, germination index, and pure seed percentage at 87.50%, 28.74, and 98.11%, respectively. Moreover, the 1.6 kg N/ha rate demonstrated the least inert matter and the lowest number of dead seeds. Consequently, the findings suggested that organic fertilizer should be applied at a rate of 2.24 kg N/ha to achieve high grain yields, while it is still maintained seed germination percentage of over 80%.
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    Optimizing Organic Fertilization for Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens): Impact of Application Rate and Frequency on Growth and Yield
    Edible flowers are a new market for horticulture plants. Beyond their attractive shapes and colors, this group of plants contains secondary metabolites that benefit human health. This study aims to investigate the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisies using organic fertilizer at different rates and frequencies. The experiment was designed as a factorial, completely randomized design with two factors: fertilizer rate (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times compared to the total nitrogen content in chemical fertilizer) and frequency of organic fertilizer application (every 30 and 15 days). Slow-release chemical fertilizer (Osmocote 13-13-13) was used as a control. The experiment reveals that the rate of organic fertilizer application significantly affected the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisy. Still, the frequency of organic fertilizer application did not significantly affect it. Application at 1.5 times yielded the most significant growth and flower production compared to 0.5 and 1 times of application. When comparing the results of organic fertilizer application with 13-13-13 chemical fertilizer, it was found that applying organic fertilizer 1.0 times and 1.5 times every 15 or 30 days resulted in similar plant growth and flower size as with the chemical fertilizer (p>0.05). However, chemical fertilizer produced the highest chlorophyll index (SPAD), accumulated flower buds, and flower blooming per pot (p<0.05). The plant requires more than 1.5 times the organic fertilizer application to achieve flower production equivalent to chemical fertilizer.