Teamkao, Pattrarat

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Teamkao, Pattrarat
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Teamkao, P.
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pattrarat.te@kmitl.ac.th

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    Physical Properties and Nutrient Release of Biogas Sludge and Boiler Ash from Palm Oil Industry
    (2024-01-01)
    Youngmanee, Kantika
    ;
    Teamkao, Pattrarat
    The palm oil industry generates significant waste each year which can be recycled as energy source. However, after recycling, other types of waste generated, largely in the form of biogas sludge and boiler ash that require treatment prior to disposal. This research studies the physical properties and nutrient release of biogas sludge and boiler ash. Waste samples were collected three times at three-month intervals (29 November 2019, 29 February 2020, and 29 May 2020) and were analysed for physical properties. The first biogas sludge sample had the highest macropore, micropore, bulk density, water absorption, and porosity values of 30.56%, 83.65%, 0.8516 g cm-3, 138.82%, and 114.22%, respectively. The micropore of boiler ash was the highest in the second sample with 69.69%, but the other parameters were not statistically different. The two materials were incubated under 60% moisture content at 25 ± 2 °C for 60 days. The biogas sludge had higher available nitrogen than boiler ash and was the highest after 60 days of incubation with 0.42 g kg<sup>-1</sup> and 0.76 g kg<sup>-1</sup> of NH<inf>4</inf> and NO<inf>3</inf>, respectively. However, boiler ash released higher available P and extractable K and Mg than biogas sludge and was also the highest after 60 days of incubation with 6.40 g kg<sup>-1</sup>, 17.95 cmolc kg<sup>-1</sup>, and 50 cmolc kg<sup>-1</sup> of available P and extractable K and Mg, respectively. Therefore, boiler ash and biogas sludge may prove to be a good source of macronutrients. Besides, some physical properties were not at appropriate levels so the material requires treatment or mixing with other materials to improve its physical properties before use as growing media.
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    Composting of boiler-ash and biogas-sludge from the palm oil industry for using as plantlet growing media
    (2022-05-01)
    Youngmanee, K.
    ;
    Teamkao, P.
    Agricultural organic waste is increasing yearly. In Thailand, the palm oil industry generates high amounts of waste 13.71 million ton/year, mainly as boiler-ash and biogas-sludge. This study focused on the basic properties of boiler-ash and biogas-sludge from the palm oil industry after composting and their possible use as growing media for lettuce. Boiler-ash and biogas-sludge from the palm oil industry were pre-treated (composting) and after that evaluated as growing media in comparison with peatmoss under pot experiment conditions. Under the pre-treatment experiment, the results showed that the type of materials affected the pH, EC, OM, total N and the C:N ratio (P<0.05). The pre-treatment method was affected the pH and EC (P<0.05). The type of growing media and porous materials affected germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, and shoot fresh and dry weight (P<0.01). Interaction between the type of treated materials and porous materials affected germination percentage, germination index, shoot length, root length, and shoot fresh and dry weight (P<0.05). The best material was boiler-ash compost with perlite as the porous material which gave 92.6% germination, 23.05 germination index, 39.10 mm in shoot length, 28.67 mm in root length, 0.2 g shoot fw/plant, and 0.0397 g shoot dw/plant but these results were not statistically different from undisturbed boiler-ash with perlite as the porous material. Therefore, boiler-ash compost and boiler-ash left for 90 days were recommended to use as growing media.