Now showing 1 - 10 of 26
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    A Wildfire Risk Impact Index (WRII) for Power Distribution Systems: Integrating GIS and AHP
    (2025-01-01)
    Phantanaikasem, Pongpavee
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    Jamroen, Chaowanan
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    Wildfires pose a significant threat to power distribution systems, leading to disruptions, infrastructure damage, and economic losses. The conventional fire weather index (FWI) is widely used for wildfire risk assessment, but primarily relies on meteorological factors and does not explicitly account for the spatial distribution of critical infrastructure. Therefore, this study proposes a new wildfire risk impact index (WRII) to assess wildfire risk and severity on power distribution systems. The WRII is developed using the geographic information system (GIS) and analytical hierarchy process (AHP), integrating multiple spatial variables (i.e., temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and topography), hotspot proximity to key infrastructures (i.e., power distribution systems, fire stations, and roads), and the number of connected power system points. A case study in Chiang Mai, Thailand, is conducted using the QGIS to demonstrate the applicability of WRII and its superiority over the FWI. The results highlight spatial variations in wildfire risk, offering valuable insights for power system operators. The WRII enhances wildfire preparedness and mitigation strategies.
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    Informatics-Centric Neural Network for Distributed Energy Resources Against Diverse Cyber Threats
    (2024-01-01) ;
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    This article addresses challenges in modernizing microgrids (MGs) with distributed energy resources (DERs), which emphasizes cybersecurity vulnerabilities causing from integrating high DERs with cyber-physical data. To ensure seamless integration of DERs and to achieve optimal control performance, this article introduces an informatics-centric neural network (named I-ANN), which is specifically designed for DERs in weak MGs to encounter cyber threats, such as communication latency, false data injection, denial of service, and controller hijacking. The proposed framework utilizes multiagent systems to model the risks posed by cyber threats, with a particular emphasis on their impacts on frequency and voltage regulations. Here, the proposed I-ANN features a novel loss function for automatic signal restoration, and the I-ANN is iteratively trained using various cyber threat scenarios. During critical MG operating scenarios, the new loss function is proposed to enhance robustness and damping while simultaneously mitigating rapid fluctuations in voltage and frequency. Moreover, a significant departure from typical voltage and frequency control loops is the complete replacement of conventional PI controllers with the proposed I-ANN. This strategy fortifies resilience without requiring any additional controllers or control loops. Comparative analyses demonstrate I-ANN's effectiveness in low-inertia MGs with DERs through probabilistic small-signal stability analysis and time-domain simulations under diverse operating conditions.
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    Forced Oscillation Detection Amid Communication Uncertainties
    (2021-09-01) ;
    Shah, Rakibuzzaman
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    Nadarajah, Mithulananthan
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    Muyeen, S. M.
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    Emami, Kianoush
    This article proposes a novel technique for the detection of forced oscillation (FO) in a power system with the uncertainty in the measured signals. The impacts of communication uncertainties on measured signals are theoretically investigated based on the mathematical models developed in this article. A data recovery method is proposed and applied to reconstruct the signal under the effects of communication losses. The proposed FO detection with communication uncertainties is evaluated in the modified 14-machine Southeast Australian power system. A rigorous comparative analysis is made to validate the effectiveness of the proposed data recovery and FO detection methods.
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    Small-Signal Stability Analysis in an Uncertain Microgrid with Distributed Energy Resources: A Data-Driven Monitoring
    (2024-01-01)
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
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    Kerdphol, Thongchart
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    Marungsri, Boonruang
    In low-inertia microgrids (MGs) with intermittent distributed energy resources (DERs), the requirement to pre-determine MG parameters results in a challenge as these parameters evolve over time. Consequently, conducting small-signal stability analysis becomes impractical due to the dynamic nature of the MG's parameter variations. In this paper, we propose an adaptive data-driven approach designed for grid-forming converters of DERs. The goal is to improve small-signal stability within a dynamically shifting window range. Additionally, we propose a data-driven approach to identify the MG model within a moving window. Subsequently, small-signal stability can be assessed. Comprehensive simulation results are systematically generated for an MG with DERs under various crucial conditions, including (i) intermittent power outputs of DERs, (ii) generator outages, (iii) diverse levels of total MG inertia, and (iv) different MG operation modes.
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    Enhanced robust frequency stabilization of a microgrid against simultaneous cyber-attacks
    (2024-03-01)
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
    ;
    ;
    A microgrid (MG) is a smart grid cyber-physical system, with component coordination relying on cyber resilience. Weak communications, protocols, and tools make the MG's secondary frequency control vulnerable to various cyber-attacks, posing new challenges and stability risks. In response to this challenge, this paper introduces the enhanced robust H<inf>∞</inf> technique considering the dynamic impacts of cyber-attacks on secondary frequency control to develop a secondary frequency control loop, improving the regulation performance and cyber resiliency of the MG frequency. The secondary control cyber-attack strategies mainly rely on false data injection (FDI), denial of service (DoS), and controller hijacking. These attack techniques are simultaneously considered in formulating the H∞ problem and control synthesis as unstructured parametric uncertainty, attenuating the concurrent cyber impacts. The study extends a load frequency control model to illustrate how cyber-attacks can be represented mathematically and physically in the MG. The results reveal that cyber-attacks affect secondary frequency control elements differently depending on the type of cyber threats used. By implementing an enhanced H∞ controller, the MG can effectively maintain stable frequency levels even when faced with malicious attacks and disruptions caused by renewable energy sources and loads.
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    Small-Signal Stability Enhancement Through Integration of Distributed Grid-Forming Loads Considering Multi-Agent Collaboration
    (2025-01-01) ; ;
    Mitani, Yasunori
    The integration of distributed controllable loads in future islanding microgrids (MGs) is growing. This creates new opportunities to actively shape grid frequency and voltage. As a result, it leads to the development of distributed grid-forming loads (DGFM-Ls). Simultaneously, it is equally crucial to ensure robustness, particularly in preserving small-signal stability amid the multi-agent collaboration. This paper presents a strategy for the small-signal stability enhancement in islanding MGs with DGFM-Ls. The small-signal models of the MG with DGFM-Ls are mathematically developed and analyzed. The multi-agent cooperation is modelled to improve the small-signal stability of the MG with DGFM-Ls. Additionally, uncertainties from multi-agent cooperation, such as partial or complete lack of measured signal observability, are considered. Data quality issues are also taken into account under various conditions. Simulation results are conducted in a MG with a significant penetration of inverter-based resources under various MG operating points and conditions such as topology changes and unavailability of certain agents.
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    Synthetic Inertia-Power Sharing in High Renewable Power Grids Through Vehicle-to-Grid Topology
    (2024-01-01)
    Kerdphol, Thongchart
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    ;
    With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs), the overall inertia of the power system is expected to decline. The remaining inertia is crucial for regulating system frequency and mitigating excessive rates of change. The deployment of dispatchable loads, such as electric vehicles (EVs), offers a promising solution. This paper presents a synchronized inertia support framework utilizing a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) system through its bidirectional chargers. This concept is realized by integrating a large-scale energy storage system (ESS) composed of controllable EVs into an enhanced inertia emulation structure. The synthetic inertia control strategy has been refined to account for EV user convenience and synchronized state of charge (SOC) management, facilitating synchronized inertia power sharing. This approach enhances the grid's dynamic performance and resilience. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively delivers rapid inertia support from the onboard ESS of EVs, improving frequency stability.
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    Novel Control Design for Simultaneous Damping of Inter-Area and Forced Oscillation
    (2021-01-01) ;
    Shah, Rakibuzzaman
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    Muyeen, S. M.
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    Mithulananthan, N.
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    Emami, Kianoush
    Forced oscillation (FO) has recently been detected in power grids, e.g., Nordic and Western American power systems. It has been reported that the FO is excited by forced disturbances, which consist of the frequencies nearly equal to inter-area oscillation frequencies. The FO can lead to severe resonance even for the system with an inter-area damping margin higher than the industry standards. These major events and concerns lead to intensive research of the FO. Though numerous techniques have successfully been applied for FO detection, only a small number of research works have focused on the damping of the FO. Lack of proper control for the FO may lead to instability. Hence, in this paper, a power oscillation damper (POD) is proposed to damp both the FO and inter-area modes simultaneously. The adaptive control technique is applied to enhance the FO mode along with a moving window time, which also avoids the new installation of PODs. Besides, the event-triggered control strategy is used to activate the functions of the new adaptive POD appropriately. The controller's performance and robustness are verified in the modified 14-machine Southeast Australian (SE-A) power system under various uncertainties and disturbances.
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    An overview of reinforcement learning-based approaches for smart home energy management systems with energy storages
    (2024-09-01)
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
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    Hredzak, Branislav
    The paper's state-of-the-art review focuses on an in-depth evaluation of smart home energy management systems which employ reinforcement learning-based methods to integrate energy storages. In order to optimize energy consumption and improve overall sustainability while maintaining technical and economic constraints, the paper first investigates the multi-faceted aspects of integrating energy storages into smart homes. Second, an overview of a smart home system and a theoretical background of reinforcement learning-based algorithms are given and discussed. Consequently, this study delves into the challenges and benefits of integrating energy storage, specifically looking at ways to lessen the impact of renewable sources’ intermittency, improve grid stability, and streamline efficient energy storage management. Thirdly, the paper highlights the beneficial features of smart home energy storage integration, including reduced costs, increased system resilience, and improved energy efficiency. Therefore, cutting-edge reinforcement learning-based methods utilized in smart home energy management systems that incorporate energy storage are thoroughly examined by evaluating their effectiveness and adaptability, taking into account both multi-agent and single-agent reinforcement learning-based methods. Finally, the study identifies potential research directions, including the development of hybrid reinforcement learning algorithms, integration of demand-side management strategies, and addressing privacy and security concerns in reinforcement learning-based smart home energy management systems. While some research has made use of single-agent reinforcement learning, smart home energy storage systems that use energy storages seldom use multi-agent reinforcement learning techniques. Researchers, practitioners, and policymakers will be able to use this work as a foundation to build smart, sustainable home energy systems.
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    An Adaptive Data-Driven-Based Control for Voltage Control Loop of Grid-Forming Converters in Variable Inertia MGs
    (2024-01-01)
    Pinthurat, Watcharakorn
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    Kongsuk, Prayad
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    Marungsri, Boonruang
    In the transition towards sustainable energy systems, microgrid (MG) plays a pivotal role, especially in the context of variable-inertia MGs that integrate renewable energy sources (RESs) and distributed energy resources (DERs). Maintaining stable voltage control within such grids is imperative for reliable operation. This paper presents an adaptive data-driven control technique for the voltage control loop of grid-forming converters in variable-inertia MGs. The primary objective is to enhance control performance while accommodating the unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources. The approach utilizes advanced data-driven algorithms to continuously monitor and adjust control parameters based on real-time grid conditions. This adaptability allows for effective management of varying inertia and load demand, ensuring optimal grid performance. The data-driven nature of the approach enables self-adaptability, making it suitable for the dynamic MG environment. This new approach is a noteworthy advancement in controlling RESs and DERs to maintain stable voltage in MGs, without needing precise knowledge of the MG's parameters. Simulation tests and real-world examples confirm that the adaptive data-driven control method effectively optimizes voltage control in MGs with variable inertia, especially those with a high presence of RESs and DERs.