Simulation Ekert quantum key distribution protocol using Qiskit for verifying entanglement and security

Abstract

Bell’s Theorem provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the non-locality of quantum mechanics, particularly through the concept of quantum entanglement. This project implements and simulates the Ekert quantum key distribution protocol using IBM’s quantum hardware via Qiskit. Based on Bell’s Theorem, the protocol employs entangled qubit pairs distributed to two parties, Alice and Bob, who perform measurements in randomly chosen bases. The results are analyzed using a Bell test to verify entanglement. A violation of Bell’s inequality confirms secure, uncompromised key generation. If entanglement is disturbed, the key is discarded.