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Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics
Author(s)
Bhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
Kaewsai, Chonnarong
Suriwong, Tawat
Pinitsoontorn, Supree
Yotthuan, Surirat
Bongkarn, Theerachai
Date Issued
September 1, 2022
Type
Article
Abstract
Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5Ti1−xCoxO3 lead-free perovskite ceramics (BNKLT−xCo, x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique. A small-amount of Co2+ ion substitution into Ti-sites led to modification of the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BNKLT ceramics. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement revealed that the rhombohedral phase increased from 39% to 88% when x increased from 0 to 0.020. The average grain size increased when x increased. With increasing x, more oxygen vacancies were generated, leading to asymmetry in the bipolar strain (S−E) hysteresis loops. For the composition of x = 0.010, a high dielectric constant (εm) of 5384 and a large strain (Smax) of 0.23% with the normalized strain (d*33) of 460 pm·V−1 were achieved. The BNKLT−0Co ceramic showed diamagnetic behavior but all of the BNKLT−xCo ceramics exhibited paramagnetic behavior, measured at 50 K.
Citation
International Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 29(9), 1798-1808, 2022