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Mechanistic investigation of Ni and NiCu for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of methyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone: A combined experimental and DFT study
Author(s)
Chitpakdee, Chirawat
Boonyoung, Pawan
Pansakdanon, Chaianun
Suttisintong, Khomson
Faungnawakij, Kajornsak
Khemthong, Pongtanawat
Youngjan, Saran
Kraithong, Wasawat
Sattayaporn, Suchinda
Tanthanuch, Waraporn
Kidkhunthod, Pinit
Tanwongwan, Worapak
Wittayakun, Jatuporn
Kunaseth, Manaschai
Kuboon, Sanchai
Date Issued
June 25, 2023
Type
Article
Abstract
Recently various supported bimetallic catalysts have been employed as effective catalysts for γ-valerolactone (GVL) production from levulinic acid or its esters. However, previous reports have shown synergetic roles of active metals and supports as important keys for superior catalytic performance. This work combines both experimental and simulation studies to focus solely on the role of bimetallic formation between nickel (Ni) and copper (Cu). The experimental results suggest that both Ni and nickel-copper alloy (NiCu) catalysts are good for hydrogenation of methyl levulinate (ML) to an intermediate species, 4-hydroxypentanoic acid (HPA). However, only NiCu has a better tendency to accelerate the conversion of HPA to GVL via cyclization process. Activation energy from experimental study of cyclization step over Ni is about two times larger than that of NiCu (EaK2 values are 121.7 and 56.0 kJ mol K−1 for Ni and NiCu, respectively) provided strong evidence of superior GVL production over NiCu catalyst. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulation results reveal solid finding to support the high efficiency of NiCu over Ni catalyst for GVL production. The calculated energy barrier for HPA conversion to GVL over the NiCu is 1.0 eV which is lower than that of the Ni catalyst (1.54 eV). The Ni provided only one concerted pathway to transform from ML to GVL, while NiCu could provide either a concerted or nonconcerted pathway where the latter one requires lower activation energy for GVL production. The combination of these experimental and simulation results leads to a better understanding of bimetallic catalyst design for GVL production via catalytic transfer hydrogenation without any support materials.
Citation
Applied Catalysis A General, 660, 2023