Development of a Hybrid Electric Motorcycle Powertrain with Energy Management Strategy Implementation

Abstract

This paper presents a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) motorcycle that combines a 7.5 kW Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) with a 3 kW brushless DC motor wheel (DCMW). The HEV motorcycle is modelled using the MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment, based on experimental data obtained from dyno chassis testing of ICE and DCMW motorcycles. In the simulation, various HEV system algorithms are tested and optimized to improve fuel consumption, using the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC) as a benchmark, in comparison with the same conventional ICE motorcycle. The results show that the HEV configuration achieves a fuel consumption of 79.29 km/liter, compared to 52.63 km/liter for the ICE-only configuration. In conclusion, the HEV system's algorithm effectively improves fuel efficiency and represents a fundamental step toward the reliable control of the inverter and electronic injector using a microcontroller in future development.