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Effect of GeI2 and GeBr2 incorporation on perovskite properties and performance of carbon-based perovskite solar cells
Author(s)
Aunping, Namfon
Kumlangwan, Pantiwa
Towannang, Madsakorn
Chanlek, Narong
Kumnorkaew, Pisist
Klangtakai, Pawinee
Srepusharawoot, Pornjuk
Thongnum, Anusit
Chompoosor, Apiwat
Jarernboon, Wirat
Pimanpang, Samuk
Amornkitbamrung, Vittaya
Date Issued
April 1, 2023
Type
Article
Abstract
CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) film was prepared by a convective method, and its X-ray diffraction spectrum displays the tetragonal perovskite structure. GeI2 and GeBr2 powders dissolve poorly in a mixed dimethylformamide-dimethylsulfoxide (DMF-DMSO) solvent, but the introduction of 5 wt% 5-ammonium valeric acid iodide (5-AVAI) into the mixed DMF-DMSO solvent greatly promotes GeI2 and GeBr2 solubility. XRD spectra of the (5-AVAI)MAPbI3, MAGexPb1–xI3, and MAGexPb1–xBr2xI3–2x (x = 0.0625 and 0.125) films exhibit a tetragonal perovskite structure, but the film morphologies become rougher than that of the pristine MAPbI3 film. Discontinuous islands are formed on MAGexPb1–xI3 and MAGexPb1–xBr2xI3–2x (x = 0.125) films. X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analysis detected the Ge element on all Ge-doped films. The best performance levels of the carbon-based hole transport layer-free MAGexPb1–xI3–x (x = 0.0625, η= 3.63%) and MAGexPb1–xBr2xI3–2x (x = 0.0625, η = 2.95%) perovskite solar cells are lower than that of the pristine MAPbI3–based perovskite solar cell (η = 5.28%). This is likely due to the increased surface roughness, pin-holes, isolated islands, and the decreased light absorbance of the Ge-doped films in comparison with the pristine MAPbI3 film.
Citation
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, 82(8), 763-775, 2023