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Optimal Bi₀.₈Ba₀.₂FeO₃ doping in Bi₀.₅(Na₀.₇₇K₀.₂₀Li₀.₀₃)₀.₅TiO₃ multiferroic ceramics synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique
Author(s)
Thawong, Pichittra
Prasertpalichat, Sasipohn
Suriwong, Tawat
Pinitsoontorn, Supree
Jantaratana, Pongsakorn
Chootin, Suphornphun
Sriondee, Manlika
Charoonsuk, Thitirat
Rittidech, Aurawan
Bongkarn, Theerachai
Date Issued
December 1, 2025
Type
Article
Abstract
(1-x)Bi0.5(Na0.77K0.20Li0.03)0.5TiO3-xBi0.8Ba0.2FeO3 ((1-x)BNKLT-xBBF) ceramics with x = 0-0.4 were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a pure perovskite structure with coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. Rietveld refinement revealed that the unit cell volume increased with increased x due to the substitution of smaller Bi3+ and Ti4+ ions by larger Ba2+ and Fe3+ ions at the A- and B-sites, respectively. The average grain size and measured density also increased with increasing x, while the resistivity decreased. At room temperature, (1-x)BNKLT-xBBF ceramics with x = 0.2–0.4 exhibited multiferroic behavior, characterized by ferroelectric and ferromagnetic hysteresis loops. The 0.8BNKLT-0.2BBF ceramic exhibited the most favorable properties, including: the highest relative density (95.48%), the highest dielectric constant and low dielectric loss at room temperature (εR = 1746 and tan δR = 0.0296), good ferroelectric properties (Pr=6.46 µC/cm2 and Ec=11.84 kV/cm) and good ferromagnetic properties (Mr=0.002 emu/g, Hc=110 Oe and αE = 1.092 mV/Oe·cm). These results indicate that 0.8BNKLT-0.2BBF has the potential for applications in lead-free, room temperature multiferroic applications.
Citation
Scientific Reports, 15(1), 2025