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Synergistic effect of arsenic removal from petroleum condensate via liquid-liquid extraction: Thermodynamics, kinetics, DFT and McCabe-Thiele method
Author(s)
Purktimatanont, Kittamuk
Mohdee, Vanee
Pancharoen, Ura
Maneeintr, Kreangkrai
Punyain, Wikorn
Lothongkum, Anchaleeporn W.
Date Issued
December 1, 2023
Type
Article
Abstract
This work presents the purification of petroleum condensate by removing arsenic ions via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Influence of pure and synergistic extractants is investigated. In terms of the practicability, following parameters are examined: the type of extractant, operating time, and temperature. Response surface methodology is used to design parameters such as organic-aqueous ratio and extractant concentration. Under optimal conditions; a mixture of 1 mol/L HCl and 0.02 mol/L thiourea with an organic/aqueous ratio of 1:4 at 323.15 K for 60 min, the extraction of arsenic reached 78.2 %. Further, batch simulation via two-stage counter-current extraction, and estimation by McCabe-Thiele diagram proved to be enhanced arsenic extraction to 95.3 %. Analysis by FTIR show that arsenic ions in petroleum condensate are formed as triphenylarsine compound ((C6H5)3As). The process of arsenic removal proved to be zero-order endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous reaction. The results obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) confirm that arsenic ions react with the synergistic extractant: effectively forming a covalent bond (As–S).
Citation
Heliyon, 9(12), 2023