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Satellite-derived Spatio-temporal Dynamics of Sea Surface Temperature in the Indonesian and Halmahera Seas During ENSO Events
Author(s)
Lubis, Muhammad Zainuddin
Purwanto, Budi
Sobaruddin, Dyan Primana
Adrianto, Dian
Dwinovantyo, Angga
Kausarian, Husnul
Simanjuntak, Andrean V.H.
Ananda, Faisal
Rianatullah, Dede
Date Issued
March 1, 2025
Type
Article
Abstract
Our study investigates the satellite-derived spatio-temporal dynamics of sea surface temperature (SST) in the Indonesian and Halmahera Seas from 2019 to 2021, highlighting its implications for climate change and marine resource management. SST values range from 21.95ºC to 33.50ºC, with pronounced peaks during the East Season (June to October) and lower temperatures in the West Season (January to March). These variations are closely associated with the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and seasonal wind and rainfall patterns. During the East Season, we observed notable upwelling events that indicate significant ecological impacts on fish distribution and fisheries productivity. Our study employed Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) data to validate satellite observations from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). The results revealed a strong correlation between satellite and observation data (coefficients of 0.91 and 0.93), confirming the reliability of satellite data for monitoring SST in remote marine areas. Our findings underscore the critical importance of continuous SST monitoring for sustainable marine resource management and the integration of satellite data in oceanographic studies. Our study is vital for developing adaptive strategies to address climate variability, particularly El Niño and La Niña events, which significantly influence regional weather patterns and ocean dynamics and ultimately impact global climate systems. Future research should explore the long-term trends of SST toward ongoing climate change and the resilience of marine ecosystems in the face of such variability.
Citation
Evergreen, 12(1), 526-540, 2025