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Radioluminescence properties of silicate-phosphate glass system based on “Huta Ginjang” quartz sand co-doped with Gd3+/Tb3+ ions for scintillation applications
Author(s)
Rajagukguk, J.
Hutahaean, Juniar
Situmorang, Howard
Sarumaha, C. S.
Simanullang, E.
Angnanon, A.
Ruangtaweep, Y.
Kothan, S.
Kaewkhao, J.
Date Issued
November 1, 2026
Type
Article
Abstract
A series of mixed silicate-phosphate glasses co-doped with Gd3+/Tb3+ ions at varying Tb concentrations were successfully synthesized using the melt-quenching technique. Their physical, optical and luminescence properties were analyzed, with an emphasis on the role of Tb3+ concentration. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra exhibit characteristic emission bands corresponding to Gd3+ and Tb3+ ions. A gradual decrease in the Gd3+ emission intensity at 311 nm is observed, accompanied by the suppression of Tb3+ emissions originating from the 5D3 level. In contrast, a significant enhancement of the green emission associated with the Tb3+5D4 → 7Fj transitions is clearly evident. Under X-ray excitation, the radioluminescence (RL) spectra of the glasses displayed multiple sharp emission peaks corresponding to Tb3+ transitions, in contrast to the broad 478 nm emission band of the BGO crystal. Integral RL intensity ratios were demonstrated; all glasses exhibit significant radioluminescence intensity under X-Ray excitation compared to BGO, with QSPCaBaGd5Tb2.0 showing the highest performance reaches up to 52.09% in the 350-800 nm range. These results, together with X-ray imaging capability, demonstrate that the developed glasses are promising candidates for cost-effective scintillation applications.
Citation
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 248, 2026