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Applying of the cross ratio to significant increase the watermark redundancy of a text image
Author(s)
Yawai, Wiyada
Hiransakolwong, Nualsawat
Date Issued
October 16, 2012
Type
Article
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to apply the cross ratio theory to significantly increase the watermark data redundancy and integrity verification performance of a multi-language text image. Here, the cross ratio of four collinear points was applied to control the watermark em-bedding and detection processes by using the intersection positions of the horizontal (H) and vertical (V) and double (H & V) grid lines which virtually run across the text-character skeleton lines as the guidelines. Three layers of grid-line intersections were tested using multi-language text images including Thai, English, Chinese and Arabic. Our experi-ments revealed that three layers of three patterns of grid-line intersec-tions on each multi-language text image page, in which these grid lines were drawn and used to create multiple layers of intersection points for embedding secret data bits for watermarking effectively yielded a huge watermark hiding-bit redundancy. Nevertheless, when all points are embedded, it would be helpful for owners to be able verify their integrity.
Citation
Applied Mathematical Sciences, 6(113-116), 5617-5637, 2012