Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production and Its Adaptation in Nepal

Climate change directly affects livestock by increasing the temperature, which leads to increased infertility, loss of conception, poor expression of heat, repeat breeding, and sterility. This results in loss of weight gain, lower feed conversion ratio, increased transmission of vector-borne diseases, incidence and distribution of external parasites, and diseases susceptible to livestock systems. Livestock can be distressed by altering external factors. A study was conducted using a review based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Environmental management is documented as a significant instrument for the review protocol. A systematic search process on the impact of climate change adaptation measures on livestock production includes enclosure and elimination criteria for suitability valuation. It is presented through quality assessment, data achievement, concepts, and investigations. Relevant literature was retrieved using Scopus, Google Scholar databases, and Web of Science. The effects of climate change on Nepalese livestock producers include reducing heat stress, risk management, adopting technology development by farmers, animal management, breeding management, feed and feeding management, and manure management for adaptation. These strategies should be applicable at the nationwide and local levels as development approaches. These conclusions and variations are relevant for improving farmers’ economies and ensuring food security in the least developed and developing countries with livestock producers.