Effect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics

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dc.contributor.authorBhupaijit, Pamornnarumol
dc.contributor.authorKaewsai, Chonnarong
dc.contributor.authorSuriwong, Tawat
dc.contributor.authorPinitsoontorn, Supree
dc.contributor.authorYotthuan, Surirat
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Naratip
dc.contributor.authorBongkarn, Theerachai
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:37:46Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:37:46Z
dc.date.issued2022-09-01
dc.description.abstractBi<inf>0.5</inf>(Na<inf>0.68</inf>K<inf>0.22</inf>Li<inf>0.10</inf>)<inf>0.5</inf>Ti<inf>1−x</inf>Co<inf>x</inf>O<inf>3</inf> lead-free perovskite ceramics (BNKLT−xCo, x = 0, 0.005, 0.010, 0.015 and 0.020) were fabricated via the solid-state combustion technique. A small-amount of Co<sup>2+</sup> ion substitution into Ti-sites led to modification of the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of BNKLT ceramics. Coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases were observed in all samples using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The Rietveld refinement revealed that the rhombohedral phase increased from 39% to 88% when x increased from 0 to 0.020. The average grain size increased when x increased. With increasing x, more oxygen vacancies were generated, leading to asymmetry in the bipolar strain (S−E) hysteresis loops. For the composition of x = 0.010, a high dielectric constant (ε<inf>m</inf>) of 5384 and a large strain (S<inf>max</inf>) of 0.23% with the normalized strain (d*<inf>33</inf>) of 460 pm·V<sup>−1</sup> were achieved. The BNKLT−0Co ceramic showed diamagnetic behavior but all of the BNKLT−xCo ceramics exhibited paramagnetic behavior, measured at 50 K.
dc.identifier.citationInternational Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials, 29(9), 1798-1808, 2022
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12613-021-2345-8
dc.identifier.issn16744799
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85134779033
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/13432
dc.sourceInternational Journal of Minerals Metallurgy and Materials
dc.subjectBNKLT−xCo
dc.subjectdielectric
dc.subjectferroelectric
dc.subjectmagnetic
dc.subjectstrain
dc.titleEffect of Co2+ substitution in B-sites of the perovskite system on the phase formation, microstructure, electrical and magnetic properties of Bi0.5(Na0.68K0.22Li0.10)0.5TiO3 ceramics
dc.typeArticle

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