Temperature-insensitive voltage-to-current converter and its applications

A novel voltage-to-current (V/I) converter circuit is proposed, which is based on an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) integrated circuit. The V/I transconductance gain is insensitive to temperature and the input differential voltage swing limitation of the OTA integrated circuit is alleviated. New circuits for the temperature-insensitive general-grounded resistance converter, instrumentation amplifier, electronically tunable gyrator, and analog multiplier are presented. Experimental and simulation results that demonstrate the performances of the V/I and its applications are also included.