Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularity Detection and Analysis Using 2-D ROTI Maps and VHF Radar Images During the Upcoming Solar Maximum

Abstract

Abstract In this work, we analyze the ionospheric irregularities at Chumphon station, Thailand, using observational data from GNSS receivers as well as VHF radar and ionosonde at Chumphon station, Thailand. The ionospheric irregularity event on 20 March 2020 and the super solar storms during 8–12 May 2024 are studied. Both instruments show traces the irregularities and interesting daytime fluctuation in total electron content over Thailand area. The statistics of ionospheric irregularities from 2020 to 2024 show that as we enter the solar maximum of the 25 th solar cycle, more occurrences of ionospheric irregularities are clearly seen.