Coach cash connect and the path to sustainable IDE scale-ups in Thailand: a framework for long-term impact

Abstract

Introduction This study examines the support mechanisms that startup accelerators provide to innovation-driven enterprises (IDEs) in Thailand, with a focus on locally responsive mentoring systems. Methods A multi-phase mixed-methods design was employed, including a systematic literature review, expert interviews, document analysis, a stakeholder survey (n = 126), and a focus group with 20 ecosystem specialists. Results Five critical determinants of mentoring effectiveness were identified: mentor characteristics, mentee readiness, process structure, incentive mechanisms, and outcome measurement. Based on these findings, the coach-cash-connect (3Cs) framework was developed. Within this framework, coach focuses on strengthening founder capacity through structured mentoring, cash relates to access to stage-appropriate funding and mentor incentives, and connect emphasizes stronger integration within the entrepreneurial ecosystem. Discussion This study advances accelerator literature by establishing sustainability (financial, social, and ecosystem-level) as a primary evaluative dimension and demonstrates how models developed in Western contexts can be adapted to emerging economies. It also provides practical guidance for policymakers, accelerators, universities, and investors aiming to promote inclusive, innovation-driven growth in Thailand and comparable contexts.