T-Slot Antennas-Embedded ZigBee Wireless Sensor Network System for IoT-Enabled Monitoring and Control Systems

Abstract

This research proposes a 2.4 GHz T-slot antennas-embedded ZigBee wireless sensor network system, consisting of an Internet of Things (IoT) gateway board and a sensor node board, for IoT applications. Simulations were first carried out to optimize the parameters for the T-shaped slot patch antenna. The prototypes of the IoT gateway and sensor node boards were subsequently fabricated and measurements undertaken. The measured impedance matching <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$(|S_{11}|$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ), bandwidth, and gain of the proposed ZigBee sensor network system were −18 dB, 15.38%, and 1.722 dBi, respectively. Furthermore, the ZigBee IoT-based monitoring and control schemes based on the ZigBee wireless sensor network system were set up and experiments carried out in an enclosed area for the monitoring scheme and in an open area for the control scheme. The experimental results revealed that the proposed IoT-enabled 2.4 GHz ZigBee sensor network system with embedded T-slot patch antennas could efficiently be utilized in IoT-based monitoring and control systems. In essence, the novelty of this research lies in the integration of the IoT and ZigBee sensor network technologies to store data in a cloud server in a real-time fashion, as opposed to in the microcontroller memory which is common in conventional ZigBee systems. In addition, the data stored in the cloud server are retrievable and viewable via the Blynk application on smartphone, rendering the proposed 2.4 GHz T-slot antennas-embedded ZigBee wireless sensor network system operationally suitable for IoT-based monitoring and control systems.