Low-Cost Instrument for the Versatile Measurement of Spin Caloritronic Phenomena: Spin Seebeck Effect, Anisotropic Magnetoresistance, Anomalous Hall Effect, and Anomalous Nernst Effect

Abstract

In this article, we report on a low-cost instrument for the versatile measurement of spin caloritronics phenomena such as the spin Seebeck effect (SSE), anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), and anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Solenoid coils provide a uniform variable magnetic field while the sample was sandwiched between thermal baths and measured in a vacuum chamber. Our results show excellent magnetic field uniformity (±0.37 mT) within the magnet gap and high stability of the generated temperature difference (±0.07 K). For verifying the effectiveness of our instrument, Yttrium Iron garnet (YIG)/Co structure was used to measure the SSE, AMR, and AHE, while a SiO2/Co structure was used for measuring the ANE. Our SSE measurements of the YIG/Co structure were found to be comparable with that of a commercially available instrument. We can therefore conclude that our low-cost and versatile instrument can be used to effectively observe spin Caloritronics phenomena.