Near infrared spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid evaluation of toluene swell of natural rubber latex and its products

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dc.contributor.authorLim, Chin Hock
dc.contributor.authorSirisomboon, Panmanas
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:19:56Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:19:56Z
dc.date.issued2018-06-01
dc.description.abstractToluene swell or equilibrium swelling is universally used by rubber factories to measure the degree of crosslink of their compounded or prevulcanized latices at different stages of production. To apply near infrared spectroscopy for rapid and accurate quality control, spectral acquisition of prevulcanized latex, thin film and thick film was performed using a Fourier transform near infrared spectrometer in diffuse reflection mode across the wavenumber range of 12,500–3600 cm<sup>1</sup>. For prevulcanized latex an effective model was developed using partial least squares regression with preprocessing (first derivative + straight line subtraction method). The coefficient of determination (r<sup>2</sup>), root mean square error of cross validation and bias of the validation set were 0.71, 3.93% and 0.005%, respectively. For the thin film model the r<sup>2</sup>, root mean square error of cross validation and bias were 0.65, 4.01% and 0.028%, respectively. Whereas for the thick film model the r<sup>2</sup>, root mean square error of cross validation and bias were 0.70, 4.00% and 0.006%, respectively. Three models including prevulcanized latex, thin film and thick film were validated by 23 unknown samples, providing standard error of prediction and bias of 5.357 and 2.494, 4.565 and 1.001 and 3.641 and 0.961%, respectively, for prevulcanized latex, thin film and thick film. The model developed for the thick film spectra gave the best results.
dc.identifier.citationJournal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy, 26(3), 159-168, 2018
dc.identifier.doi10.1177/0967033518783269
dc.identifier.issn09670335
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85048832818
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/8578
dc.sourceJournal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy
dc.subjectCross-link density
dc.subjectLatex film
dc.subjectNear infrared spectroscopy
dc.subjectPartial least squares regression
dc.subjectPrevulcanized latex
dc.subjectToluene swell
dc.titleNear infrared spectroscopy as an alternative method for rapid evaluation of toluene swell of natural rubber latex and its products
dc.typeArticle

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