Comparative studies on characterizations and cytotoxicity of oil extracted from Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) G2 spore using Soxhlet extraction and microwave-assisted extraction

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dc.contributor.authorSenphan, Theeraphol
dc.contributor.authorBenjakul, Soottawat
dc.contributor.authorSukketsiri, Wanida
dc.contributor.authorChotphruethipong, Lalita
dc.contributor.authorSriket, Chodsana
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:47:45Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:47:45Z
dc.date.issued2024-12-01
dc.description.abstractThis study aimed to compare the characteristics, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity of Ganoderma lucidum G2 spore (GLS) oil extracted using two different extraction methods, including Soxhlet extraction (SLE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The SLE method yielded higher oil content than the MAE method. MAE-extracted oil showed higher lightness (L*) and yellowness (b*) values but lower redness (a*) values. Both methods provided similar fatty acid compositions in GLS oils, including palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid as major components. Higher saturated fatty acid content was found in SLE-extracted oil, while MAE-extracted oil had increased levels of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The oil obtained from SLE showed slightly higher di- and tri-glycerides than that obtained from MAE (P < 0.05). Furthermore, MAE-extracted oil had high oxidative stability as indicated by lower levels of conjugated diene (CD), peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and free fatty acids (FFA) as compared to SLE (P < 0.05). MAE-extracted oil had a higher total triterpenoid content than SLE-extracted oil (P < 0.05). Also, MAE-extracted oil showed lower DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH-RSA) than SLE-extracted oil (P < 0.05). FTIR spectra of both samples exhibited similar functional groups. Additionally, oils obtained from both processes (at 0.1–10 µg/mL) showed low toxicity on Caco-2 cells (P > 0.05). Therefore, GLS oil with high antioxidant activity and oxidative stability, especially oil extracted by MAE, could be a food supplement for health. Also, the MAE used was a potential implement for extracting oil from GLS.
dc.identifier.citationApplied Food Research, 4(2), 2024
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.afres.2024.100483
dc.identifier.issn27725022
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85202585171
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/16073
dc.sourceApplied Food Research
dc.subjectAntioxidant activity
dc.subjectCytotoxicity
dc.subjectG. lucidum spore
dc.subjectMicrowave-assisted extraction
dc.subjectOil
dc.subjectSoxhlet extraction
dc.titleComparative studies on characterizations and cytotoxicity of oil extracted from Lingzhi (Ganoderma lucidum) G2 spore using Soxhlet extraction and microwave-assisted extraction
dc.typeArticle

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