Partial soil replacement in soil cement using bentonite and polyurethane foam

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dc.contributor.authorRattanapitak, Pornkanok
dc.contributor.authorShelina, Aza
dc.contributor.authorAyawanna, Jiratchaya
dc.contributor.authorKingnoi, Namthip
dc.contributor.authorMase, Lindung Zalbuin
dc.contributor.authorChaiyaput, Salisa
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:55:42Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:55:42Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-01
dc.description.abstractThis study evaluates the effects of partially replacing soft clay with Ca-bentonite or polyurethane foam in soil-cement mixtures to improve geotechnical performance in soft soils. Cement content was fixed at 20% by total mix weight (% wt), while soft clay was partially replaced with Ca-bentonite or polyurethane foam at 20% wt, 30% wt, and 40% wt. Density, weight, and compressive strength were evaluated at curing ages of 7 and 28 days. The optimal mixture, determined based on compressive strength, was subsequently selected for the permeability test and compared with natural soft clay and a conventional soil-cement mixture. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy was conducted to characterize particle morphology and pore structure, providing microstructural insight into the strength behaviour of mixtures incorporating both Ca-bentonite and polyurethane foam replacements. The results indicate a clear contrast between the two replacement materials. Ca-bentonite increases density and compressive strength through pozzolanic and filling effects. The optimal sample, consisting of 50% soft clay, 20% cement, and 30% Ca-bentonite (S5C2B3) by weight, achieves a 28-day compressive strength of 9.71 MPa with stiff and brittle behaviours. Weight increase is associated with Ca-bentonite swelling, which enhances impermeability. In contrast, polyurethane foam reduces density and strength, producing a lightweight, ductile material due to its porous structure and water loss. Ca-bentonite is suitable for high-strength or low-permeability applications, whereas polyurethane foam is appropriate for lightweight fill where reduced weight is required.
dc.identifier.citationResults in Engineering, 30, 2026
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111107
dc.identifier.issn25901230
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-105039567025
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/18144
dc.sourceResults in Engineering
dc.subjectClay
dc.subjectGround improvement
dc.subjectPU
dc.subjectSoft soil
dc.subjectSoil stabilization
dc.titlePartial soil replacement in soil cement using bentonite and polyurethane foam
dc.typeArticle

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