A 0.5-V MI-OTA-based shadow universal filter with integrated passband gain compensation and low-pass control for low-frequency applications

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dc.contributor.authorKumngern, Montree
dc.contributor.authorKhateb, Fabian
dc.contributor.authorKulej, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorArbet, Daniel
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:52:56Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:52:56Z
dc.date.issued2025-12-01
dc.description.abstractUltra-low-power active filters have received increasing attention in recent years due to emerging applications such as bio-signal sensing and wearable electronic devices, where they are employed in the analog front-end to eliminate interference noise. This paper presents a novel voltage-mode shadow universal filter based on multiple-input operational transconductance amplifiers (MI-OTAs). The multiple-input functionality of the OTA is implemented using the multiple-input bulk-driven MOS transistor (MIBD-MOST) technique, which enables low supply voltage operation and a wide input voltage swing. Additionally, the use of subthreshold operation contributes to the low-power consumption of the OTA. The proposed shadow filter is implemented using a voltage-mode universal filter, in which the low-pass section is employed to control the natural frequency through an external amplifier. The proposed filter provides both non-inverting and inverting transfer functions of low-pass filter (LPF), high-pass filter (HPF), band-pass filter (BPF), band-stop filter (BSF), and all-pass filter (APF). The circuit was designed and simulated using Cadence Virtuoso, utilizing TSMC’s 65-nm 1P9M CMOS technology. The total silicon area of the MI-OTA measured 148 μm × 89 μm. Operating at a supply voltage of 0.5 V and a cutoff frequency of 31.2 Hz, the filter achieved an overall power consumption of 350 nW. Experimental validation was conducted using a prototype implemented with commercially available LM13700N integrated circuits, confirming the filter’s functionality and effectiveness. The proposed design is well suited for low-voltage, low-power applications, particularly low-frequency bio-signal processing such as EEG and EGG acquisition systems, as well as sensor interface systems.
dc.identifier.citationScientific Reports, 15(1), 2025
dc.identifier.doi10.1038/s41598-025-21325-7
dc.identifier.issn20452322
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-105019760372
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/17436
dc.sourceScientific Reports
dc.subjectActive filter
dc.subjectBulk-driven MOS transistor
dc.subjectFrequency-agile filter
dc.subjectOperational transconductance amplifier
dc.subjectShadow filter
dc.subjectUniversal filter
dc.titleA 0.5-V MI-OTA-based shadow universal filter with integrated passband gain compensation and low-pass control for low-frequency applications
dc.typeArticle

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