Nano-Power OTA-Based Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low-Energy Biomedical Signal Processing

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dc.contributor.authorKulej, Tomasz
dc.contributor.authorKumngern, Montree
dc.contributor.authorKhateb, Fabian
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:55:23Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:55:23Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-01
dc.description.abstractThis paper presents a nanowatt-scale operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) and an electronically tunable third-order low-pass filter (LPF) designed for energy-constrained biomedical signal conditioning. The circuits are implemented in a 65 nm CMOS process and verified through comprehensive schematic-level simulations. Biased in the deep subthreshold region at 1 nA, the OTA achieves a 50 dB low-frequency gain, a 225 Hz unity-gain bandwidth at 10 pF load capacitance and an input-referred noise floor of 1.55 μV/√Hz, with a total power consumption of only 1.75 nW. The integrated third-order LPF provides a wide tuning range (37–668 Hz) via bias current modulation, exhibiting excellent linearity with a THD of 0.059% and a 65.3 dB dynamic range. Monte Carlo and PVT corner analyses demonstrate the design’s theoretical robustness against process variations and environmental fluctuations. ECG signal simulations validate the circuit’s effectiveness in suppressing high-frequency artifacts while preserving morphological integrity, providing a proof-of-concept for ultra-low-power wearable healthcare architectures.
dc.identifier.citationSensors, 26(9), 2026
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s26092586
dc.identifier.issn14248220
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-105038405642
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/18069
dc.sourceSensors
dc.subjectbiomedical signal processing
dc.subjectECG conditioning
dc.subjectlow-pass filter
dc.subjectOTA
dc.subjectsubthreshold CMOS
dc.subjectultra-low-power circuits
dc.titleNano-Power OTA-Based Low-Pass Filter for Ultra-Low-Energy Biomedical Signal Processing
dc.typeArticle

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