Torrefaction of durian peel in air and N2 atmospheres: Impact on chemical properties and optimization of energy yield using multilevel factorial design

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dc.contributor.authorPimsamarn, Jindarat
dc.contributor.authorKaewtrakulchai, Napat
dc.contributor.authorWisetsai, Awat
dc.contributor.authorMualchontham, Jomthong
dc.contributor.authorMuidaeng, Nattawut
dc.contributor.authorJiraphothikul, Poraphat
dc.contributor.authorAutthanit, Chaowat
dc.contributor.authorEiad-Ua, Apiluck
dc.contributor.authorLaosiripojana, Navadol
dc.contributor.authorJadsadajerm, Supachai
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:46:59Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:46:59Z
dc.date.issued2024-09-01
dc.description.abstractThis study investigated the torrefaction of durian peel using air and nitrogen as carrier gases. A multilevel factorial design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA analysis was employed to analyze the impact of torrefaction parameters on chemical properties and energy yield. Durian peel, an agricultural waste product, was torrefied at temperatures ranging from 200 to 320 °C for residence times between 0 and 30 min. Results showed that air torrefaction significantly enhanced thermal decomposition, reducing mass yield from 94.65 % to 30.63 % as the temperature increased from 200 °C to 300 °C with a 30-min holding time. Air torrefaction also increased the higher heating value (HHV) from 19.02 MJ/kg to 35.26 MJ/kg at 300 °C, compared to nitrogen, which achieved a maximum HHV of 32.49 MJ/kg. ANOVA analysis revealed that torrefaction temperature and carrier gas significantly affect energy yield and chemical properties. Air torrefaction positively affected HHV while reducing mass yield compared to nitrogen. Low-temperature air torrefaction showed enhanced energy yield improvement. These findings provided insights for optimizing torrefaction processes enhancing utilization wasted durian peel as a sustainable bioenergy resource.
dc.identifier.citationResults in Engineering, 23, 2024
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.rineng.2024.102767
dc.identifier.issn25901230
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85202341691
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/15865
dc.sourceResults in Engineering
dc.subjectDurian peel
dc.subjectEnergy yield
dc.subjectMultilevel factorial design
dc.subjectOxidative torrefaction
dc.subjectTorrefaction
dc.titleTorrefaction of durian peel in air and N2 atmospheres: Impact on chemical properties and optimization of energy yield using multilevel factorial design
dc.typeArticle

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