Interfacial field-driven self-poling in a lead-free P(VDF–TrFE)/BCZT nanogenerator: achieving high-performance energy harvesting via percolation-optimized dielectric coupling

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dc.contributor.authorUkasi, Sirinya
dc.contributor.authorTriputtikun, Jakkrit
dc.contributor.authorSae-tang, Chanachot
dc.contributor.authorSumang, Rattiphorn
dc.contributor.authorPanpho, Phakakorn
dc.contributor.authorRattanawongwiboon, Thitirat
dc.contributor.authorHajra, Sugato
dc.contributor.authorKim, Hoe Joon
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Wanwilai
dc.contributor.authorCharoonsuk, Thitirat
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Naratip
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:56:11Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:56:11Z
dc.date.issued2026-07-23
dc.description.abstractAchieving spontaneous dipole alignment without external poling remains a grand challenge in developing high-performance ferroelectric nanogenerators. This work reports a self-poling mechanism driven by engineered interfacial fields at the polymer–ceramic junction. By embedding lead-free Ba<inf>0.85</inf>Ca<inf>0.15</inf>Zr<inf>0.1</inf>Ti<inf>0.9</inf>O<inf>3</inf> (BCZT) crystals into a P(VDF–TrFE) matrix, we create strong localized electric fields that promote unidirectional dipole orientation, thereby eliminating the need for conventional electrical poling procedures. The resulting hybrid piezo-triboelectric nanogenerator (H-PTENG), optimized at a 1 wt% BCZT loading, exhibits remarkable energy-harvesting performance with a high open-circuit voltage (∼173.4 V), short-circuit current (∼5.23 µA), and power density (∼182 µW cm<sup>−2</sup>), outperforming most lead-free counterparts. This dielectric percolation-like optimum maximizes the dielectric–ferroelectric coupling mediated by Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars interfacial polarization, simultaneously enhancing piezoelectric and triboelectric outputs while preserving low dielectric loss. The device also demonstrates robust mechanical durability (>10 000 bending cycles) and retains usable output under varying humidity and temperature conditions, although its performance is reduced at ultra-high relative humidity due to water-induced charge dissipation. Its real-world applicability is confirmed by directly powering commercial electronics, including 82 LEDs, a digital wristwatch, an electronic scoreboard, and a Bluetooth-enabled humidity–temperature sensor. Collectively, this work establishes a scalable, lead-free, and poling-free design paradigm based on interfacial field engineering for next-generation flexible, self-powered electronic systems.
dc.identifier.citationNanoscale, 18(28), 14967-14989, 2026
dc.identifier.doi10.1039/d6nr00426a
dc.identifier.issn20403364
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-105042035990
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/18274
dc.sourceNanoscale
dc.titleInterfacial field-driven self-poling in a lead-free P(VDF–TrFE)/BCZT nanogenerator: achieving high-performance energy harvesting via percolation-optimized dielectric coupling
dc.typeArticle

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