Adsorptive performance of mesoporous silica-modified Bangkok clay as an alternative GCL

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dc.contributor.authorSathawong, Sidthipong
dc.contributor.authorAsadullah
dc.contributor.authorSomsiripan, Thotsaporn
dc.contributor.authorTohdee, Kanogwan
dc.contributor.authorJongsomjit, Bunjerd
dc.contributor.authorJotisankasa, Apiniti
dc.contributor.authorKamchoom, Viroon
dc.contributor.authorSemmad, Surat
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:55:52Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:55:52Z
dc.date.issued2026-06-05
dc.description.abstractThis study investigates the adsorption performance and characterisation of mesoporous silica-modified Bangkok clay (BKC) as a geosynthetic clay liner (GCL) for removal of heavy metal in aqueous solution. BKC was modified with mesoporous SBA-15 to create a mesoporous silica-coated clay (5SBS), enhancing its surface area, porosity, and adsorption efficiency. The materials were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy–energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques while adsorption experiments of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II) ions under controlled conditions in ternary systems. The 5SBS composite exhibited superior physicochemical characteristics, including a BET surface area of 67.45 m<sup>2</sup>/g and well-distributed mesopores. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism. Equilibrium isotherm data fit best with the Langmuir and Sips models, suggesting monolayer adsorption on homogenous surfaces. The maximum uptake capacities for 5SBS were 31.74, 17.96, and 14.26 mg/g for Cu(II), Zn(II), and Cd(II), respectively, outperforming unmodified BKC and closely matching bentonite. Enhanced thermal stability and minimal pore structure degradation post-adsorption confirmed its suitability for harsh environmental conditions. Metal adsorption has mainly occurred at the surface of the mesoporous silica-modified clay by bonding with surface functional groups. Hydraulic conductivity results further indicate that SBA-15 modification effectively reduces permeability and chemical sensitivity of BKC, maintaining performance comparable to bentonite through stable pore-blocking mechanisms. These findings highlight 5SBS as sustainable alternative to bentonite in GCL, with potential implications for contaminant protection.
dc.identifier.citationEnvironmental Geotechnics, 1-14, 2026
dc.identifier.doi10.1680/jenge.25.00097
dc.identifier.issn2051803X
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-105044496986
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/18186
dc.sourceEnvironmental Geotechnics
dc.subjectadsorption
dc.subjectBangkok clay
dc.subjectchemical properties
dc.subjectheavy metals
dc.subjectsurface modification
dc.subjectUN SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation
dc.titleAdsorptive performance of mesoporous silica-modified Bangkok clay as an alternative GCL
dc.typeArticle

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