Mathematical modeling and optimal control of the hand foot mouth disease affected by regional residency in Thailand

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dc.contributor.authorWongvanich, Napasool
dc.contributor.authorTang, I. Ming
dc.contributor.authorDubois, Marc Antoine
dc.contributor.authorPongsumpun, Puntani
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:33:53Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:33:53Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-01
dc.description.abstractHand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a virulent disease most commonly found in East and Southeast Asia. Symptoms include ulcers or sores, inside or around the mouth. In this research, we formulate the dynamic model of HFMD by using the SEIQR model. We separated the infection episodes where there is a higher outbreak and a lower outbreak of the disease associated with regional residency, with the higher level of outbreak occurring in the urban region, and a lower outbreak level occurring in the rural region. We developed two different optimal control programs for the types of outbreaks. Optimal Control Policy 1 (OPC1) is limited to the use of treatment only, whereas Optimal Control Policy 2 (OPC2) includes vaccination along with the treatment. The Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used to establish the necessary and optimal conditions for the two policies. Numerical solutions are presented along with numerical sensitivity analyses of the required control efforts needed as the control parameters are changed. Results show that the time t<inf>max</inf> required for the optimal control effort to stay at the maximum amount u<inf>max</inf> exhibits an intrinsic logarithmic relationship with respect to the control parameters.
dc.identifier.citationMathematics, 9(22), 2021
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/math9222863
dc.identifier.issn22277390
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85119119374
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/12374
dc.sourceMathematics
dc.subjectEpidemiological control
dc.subjectHand foot mouth disease
dc.subjectOptimal control
dc.subjectRegional residency
dc.titleMathematical modeling and optimal control of the hand foot mouth disease affected by regional residency in Thailand
dc.typeArticle

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