Effects of the phase content and grain size on the electrical and energy storage properties of lead-free BNBT ceramics with substituted La3+

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dc.contributor.authorThatawong, Bhoowadol
dc.contributor.authorRittidech, Aurawan
dc.contributor.authorVittayakorn, Naratip
dc.contributor.authorBongkarn, Theerachai
dc.date.accessioned2026-08-06T10:34:24Z
dc.date.available2026-08-06T10:34:24Z
dc.date.issued2022-01-01
dc.description.abstractLead-free [(Bi<inf>0.5</inf>Na<inf>0.5</inf>)<inf>0.94</inf>Ba<inf>0.06</inf>]<inf>1-x</inf>La<inf>x</inf>TiO<inf>3</inf> (BNBT-xLa) ceramics with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05 and 0.06 mol.% were synthesized by the solid-state combustion technique with calcination and sintering temperatures of 750 °C and 1150 °C, respectively, for 2 h. The phase formation, microstructure, dielectric, ferroelectric and energy storage properties of the BNBT-xLa ceramics were investigated. The XRD patterns of the powders showed a pure perovskite phase for all samples. The average particle size increased from 298 to 379 nm with increasing x. All ceramics showed coexisting rhombohedral and tetragonal phases. When x rose, the content of the tetragonal phase increased, as validated by the Rietveld refinement method. The average grain size decreased from 1.43 to 0.81 µm when x increased from 0 to 0.05 and then started to increase. The Curie temperature (T <inf>d</inf>) of the samples shifted to lower temperatures with rising x, owing to an increased tetragonal phase. The maximum dielectric constant (ε <inf>m</inf>), remanent polarization (P <inf>r</inf>) and coercive field (E <inf>c</inf>) decreased with increasing x. The BNBT-0.05La ceramic exhibited the smallest grain size, and lowest P <inf>r</inf> = 0.8 µC/cm<sup>2</sup> and E <inf>c</inf> = 2.9 kV/cm, with the highest energy storage efficiency (η ∼ 78.31%) and a large effective energy storage density (W ∼ 0.83 J/cm<sup>3</sup>) measured in an electric field of 80 kV/cm.
dc.identifier.citationFerroelectrics, 601(1), 81-95, 2022
dc.identifier.doi10.1080/00150193.2022.2130781
dc.identifier.issn00150193
dc.identifier.other2-s2.0-85148429065
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.kmitl.ac.th/handle/123456789/12512
dc.sourceFerroelectrics
dc.subjectBNBT-xLa
dc.subjectcombustion technique
dc.subjectenergy storage density
dc.subjectenergy storage efficiency
dc.subjectphase formation
dc.titleEffects of the phase content and grain size on the electrical and energy storage properties of lead-free BNBT ceramics with substituted La3+
dc.typeArticle

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