#2128 Stone analysis and 24-hour urine characteristics of kidney stone patients in Thailand

Abstract

Abstract Background and Aims Nephrolithiasis is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease in Thailand. Previous studies showed that, in northern and northeastern part of the country, kidney stones occurred in 15%–17% of the population with a recurrent rate of 50% in 5 years. Moreover, the patients had a strong family history of kidney stone disease (KSD) in Thailand. Hence, we conducted a prospective study to compare biochemical data between these patients in the endemic area of KSD who had and had not a family history of KSD. Method We recruited patients with KSD treated at Nan hospital in Nan, one of the northern provinces in Thailand. The enrollment was made from February 2024 to January 2025. Inclusion criteria were age 18–60 years with evidence of kidney stone. Exclusion criteria were patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 30 ml/min/1.72 m2, received renal replacement therapy or kidney transplantation, had advanced-stage diseases or with pregnancy. We collected demographic data, biochemical data including 24-hour urine and blood chemistry. Stone analysis was done with infrared spectroscopy if the stones were available. Results We enrolled 354 patients into our study. The median age was 57.47 years, and only 29.5% of patients were female. Family history of kidney diseases was presented in 41.5%, which 93.7% of patients reported that their family member also had a KSD. Stone analyses were available in 53 patients. Calcium oxalate stone was the most common major stone composition (62.2%), followed by uric acid stone (18.9%), and calcium apatite stone (18.9%). There was no difference between the composition of stone in patients with and without family history of renal stone disease. There was also no difference between patients with and without family history with respect to 24-hour urine volume, urine sodium, urine potassium, urine calcium, urine phosphate, urine magnesium, urine citrate, urine uric, urine oxalate, and urine protein (Table 1). Conclusion There was no difference in stone composition and biochemical data between patients with KSD with or without family history. However, since more than 40% of patient had family history of renal stone, genetic testing might reveal genetic contribution in this group of patients.