Thin-Layer Drying Model and Antifungal Properties of Rubber Sheets Produced with Wood Vinegar as a Substitute for Formic and Acetic Acids

Abstract

-were identified on the rubber sheets. Fungal growth was most pronounced in the control samples (untreated with wood vinegar), whereas samples treated with wood vinegar exhibited significantly reduced fungal colonization. These findings indicate that wood vinegar is effective in inhibiting fungal growth on the surface of rubber sheets and may serve as a safer and more environmentally friendly alternative to commercial acid coagulants.